Introduction to IT Systems - M5
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Questions and Answers

What are the three main components of a computer system?

Input devices, CPU (Control Unit, Arithmetic & Logical Unit, Memory Unit), and Output devices

What is the purpose of the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) in a computer system?

The ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations.

An algorithm is a step-by-step method for solving a problem.

True

Which of the following is NOT a feature of an algorithm?

<p>Randomness</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four rules for creating a flowchart?

<p>Rule 1: The flowchart opening statement must be 'start'. Rule 2: The flowchart ending statement must be 'end'. Rule 3: All symbols are connected with arrow lines. Rule 4: The decision symbol is associated with the arrow line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'terminal box' symbol in a flowchart?

<p>The terminal box represents the start or end point of the flowchart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of error occurs when a program is unable to run due to incorrect syntax?

<p>Compile-time error</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of error occurs when a program runs but produces incorrect results due to faulty logic?

<p>Logical error</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the C programming language?

<p>Dennis Ritchie</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a keyword in the C programming language?

<p>A keyword is a word with a predefined meaning in the language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an identifier in the C programming language?

<p>An identifier is a user-defined name given to a variable, function, or array.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a variable in the C programming language?

<p>A variable holds data in a specific memory location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a secondary/derived data type in C?

<p>Array</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of preprocessor directives in C?

<p>Preprocessor directives tell the compiler to preprocess the source code before compiling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a preprocessor directive in C?

<p>#printf</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'int' data type in C?

<p>The 'int' data type is used for storing integer values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the storage capacity of an 'int' variable in a 32-bit compiler?

<p>4 bytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the storage capacity of a 'float' variable?

<p>4 bytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of format specifiers in C?

<p>Format specifiers are used to access different data types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the format specifier used for integers?

<p>%d</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the format specifier used for floating-point numbers?

<p>%f</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the format specifier used for double-precision floating-point numbers?

<p>%lf</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the format specifier used for characters?

<p>%c</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the format specifier used for strings?

<p>%s</p> Signup and view all the answers

'main' is an example of a keyword in the C programming language.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a rule for naming identifiers in C?

<p>Must start with a number</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an operator in the C programming language?

<p>An operator is a symbol that represents a specific operation that is performed on one or more operands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

'*' is an arithmetic operator.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for the 'Modulus' arithmetic operator?

<p>%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of relational operators?

<p>Relational operators are used to compare two values or expressions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for the 'Not Equal to' relational operator?

<p>!=</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the assignment operator?

<p>The assignment operator is used to assign a value to a variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a logical operator?

<p>**</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the conditional operator?

<p>It evaluates a condition and chooses between two expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for the conditional operator?

<p>? :</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of bitwise operators in C?

<p>Bitwise operators allow you to manipulate data at the bit level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for the 'Left Shift' bitwise operator?

<p>&lt;&lt;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of increment and decrement operators in C?

<p>Increment and decrement operators increase or decrease the value of a variable by 1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for the 'Increment' operator?

<p>++</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of operator precedence?

<p>Operator precedence defines the priority of operators in an expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the order of operator precedence, which has higher precedence: addition (+) or multiplication (*)?

<p>Multiplication (*)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a simple C program, the 'main' function is where program execution starts.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'printf' function do in a C program?

<p>The 'printf' function displays output on the screen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the semicolon (;) in a C program?

<p>The semicolon is used to terminate a statement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'return 0;' statement at the end of the 'main' function indicates successful program execution.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to IT Systems - M5 (DES00001)

  • This course is an introduction to IT systems.
  • The course objective is to equip students with fundamental knowledge of computer systems, algorithms, flowcharts, and C programming.

Course Objectives

  • Students will define basic computer system concepts and recall ideas of algorithms and flowcharting.
  • Students will discuss basic programming language concepts and ideas of C programming.
  • Students will explain concepts of loops and functions, and apply them in problem-solving.
  • Students will identify the use of structures and pointers, and compare the importance of using file I/O in programming.

Computer System

  • A computer system comprises input devices, the CPU (Central Processing Unit), and output devices.
  • The CPU, a central component, includes the Control Unit (CU), Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), and Memory Unit (MU).
  • A block diagram illustrates the parts and their interconnections.
  • Input devices include keyboards and mice.
  • Output devices include monitors and printers.
  • The CPU is the computer's brain.
  • The ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations.
  • The MU stores data, including primary and secondary memory.

Algorithm

  • An algorithm is a step-by-step method for solving a problem.
  • An example of an algorithm is adding two numbers:
    • Start
    • Take the first number
    • Take the second number
    • Add the first and second numbers
    • Stop

Features of an Algorithm

  • Precision: Steps are clearly defined.
  • Uniqueness: No ambiguity.
  • Finiteness: The algorithm ends with a solution.
  • Input/Output: The algorithm takes input and produces output.

Flowchart

  • A flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm.
  • Rules for creating a flowchart include:
    • The start of a flowchart uses the "start" keyword.
    • The end of a flowchart uses the "end" keyword.
    • All flowchart symbols must be connected with arrows.
    • Decision symbols are linked with specific arrows.
  • Common flowchart symbols and their functions include:
    • Start/End: Oval shapes denoting the beginning/end of a process.
    • Arrows: Show the flow of control.
    • Input/Output: Parallelograms denote taking input/displaying output.
    • Process: Rectangles for processes.
    • Decision: Diamonds for decisions (conditions).

Error Types

  • Compile-time errors: Errors detected by the compiler that prevent the program from running. Common examples include syntax errors (missing semicolons, parentheses) and semantic errors (using undeclared variables, improper statement use).

  • Runtime errors: Occur during the execution of the program. These errors may result in the program ending abnormally, for example, trying to divide by zero.

  • Logical errors: Incorrect program logic, resulting in incorrect outputs. These do not cause the program to stop directly but result in incorrect calculations.

C Programming Language

  • Developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 at AT&T Bell Laboratories.
  • Keywords: Predefined words with specific meanings (e.g., int, if, void).
  • Identifiers: User-defined names for variables, functions, and arrays.
  • Variables: Store data in memory locations.

Classifying Data Types

  • Basic (Primitive/Primary) Types: Integers, Characters, Floating-point numbers (real numbers), Booleans.
  • Secondary (Derived) Types: Arrays, Pointers, Structures, Strings.

Preprocessor Directives

  • Preprocessor directives are instructions that the compiler processes before compiling the source code (e.g., #include, #define, #ifndef).

Data Types in C

  • int: Stores integers (-5, 0, 5, etc.)
  • float: Stores decimal numbers (5.5, -5.7, etc.)
  • char: Stores single characters or special symbols (a, c, $, etc.).

Storage Capacity

  • int: 2 bytes (16-bit compiler) or 4 bytes (32-bit compiler).
  • float: 4 bytes.
  • char: 1 byte.

Format Specifiers

  • Format specifiers are used with printf and other functions to control the display of data in different formats (e.g., %d for integers, %f for floats, %c for characters).

Keywords

  • Keywords are predefined words in C with specific meanings. Examples include int, float, char, main, void.

Tokens

  • Tokens are the smallest meaningful units in C.
  • Keywords, identifiers, constants, strings, operators, symbols comprise tokens.

Identifiers

  • Identifiers are user-defined names representing variables, functions, etc. They must follow specific rules and can't be keywords.

Variables

  • Variables are named memory locations holding values that can change.

Rules for Identifier Names

  • Must begin with a letter or underscore.
  • Can contain letters, numbers, and underscores.
  • Case-sensitive (e.g., myVar is different from myvar).

Operators

  • Operators are symbols that perform specific operations on one or more operands.
  • Examples of operator types include:
    • Arithmetic (e.g., +, -, *, /, %)
    • Relational (e.g., >, <, >=, <=, ==, !=)
    • Assignment (e.g., =, +=, -=)
    • Logical (e.g., &&, ||, !)
    • Conditional (?:)
    • Bitwise (e.g., &, |, ^, <<, >>)
    • Increment/Decrement (++, --)

Precedence

  • Operators have precedence levels determining the order of operations in an expression. Higher precedence operators are executed first.

Simple C Program Examples

  • Demonstrating basic input, output, and operations using C syntax.

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Introduction to IT System M5 (DES00001) PDF

Description

This quiz covers fundamental concepts in IT systems, including computer architecture, algorithms, flowcharts, and C programming. Students will demonstrate knowledge of programming structures, loops, functions, and file I/O usage. Prepare to test your understanding of essential computer system elements.

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