Introduction to Investing

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes 'risk tolerance' in the context of investing?

  • An investor's capacity to withstand potential losses during investment. (correct)
  • Awareness of market complexities.
  • The period an investor waits before getting returns from investments.
  • The projected future value of an investment portfolio.

How can investments help with financial planning for retirement?

  • By ensuring a fixed rate of return.
  • By offering diverse avenues to grow wealth and achieve financial targets, despite market instability. (correct)
  • By removing all the volatility associated with conventional savings accounts.
  • By guaranteeing consistent and high returns irrespective of market conditions, making retirement planning easier.

In what way do dividends contribute to generating passive income through investments?

  • Dividends allow money to move out of a company's accounts.
  • Dividends represent a guaranteed profit irrespective of the company's performance.
  • Dividends increase the risk of investment.
  • Dividends represent a share of a company's profits distributed to its investors. (correct)

What is the significance of understanding the long-term average annual inflation rate when making investment decisions?

<p>It helps investors assess the real growth of their investments relative to the decreasing purchasing power of money. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the ability to automate investment payments and utilize 'Stop-Loss' tools benefit investors?

<p>It simplifies the investment process and offers risk management tools. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might an investor choose to invest in fractional shares of a company such as Apple Inc.?

<p>To gain immediate access to high-value stocks without needing substantial capital. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of investing through a demo account, such as on eToro, for new investors?

<p>It offers a risk-free environment to learn trading dynamics and experiment with strategies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do tax-advantaged investment schemes, like Stocks and Shares ISA accounts, benefit investors?

<p>By allowing investors to retain more of their investment gains, supported by the government. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does compounding play in successful investing?

<p>Compounding accelerates investment growth by reinvesting interim returns. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can investing contribute to improved wealth management and financial discipline?

<p>By keeping individuals focused on their spending habits and financial objectives. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key factor should investors remember with respect to risks?

<p>Prices can fluctuate, and returns are not guaranteed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to consider the risks associated with investing, even when the potential returns seem promising?

<p>To optimize returns and avoid building a portfolio with more risk than one can tolerate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does 'market risk' specifically impact investment performance?

<p>It is a chance of something having an impact on the whole performance of the financial markets. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes 'systematic risk' in the context of investment?

<p>The chance of something shocking the entire market. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'specific (unsystematic) risk' refer to in the context of investments?

<p>The chance of something having an affect on individual companies or certain sectors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor determines 'liquidity risk' in investments?

<p>The chance of a company not having enough money for their financial obligations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommendation regarding portfolio risk?

<p>Avoid building a portfolio which carries more risk than you're actually comfortable with. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apart from investing, what is another primary use of income?

<p>Saving. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Investing money is a variable that is influenced by what factor?

<p>Mostly influenced by people. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can careful financial planning enable you to achieve?

<p>Invest, beat inflation, create a second income stream and meet your financial targets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Investing?

Committing money to the capital market with the expectation of future profit.

Target rate of return

The rate of return an investor hopes to achieve from an investment.

Risk Tolerance

The amount an investor is prepared to lose while making investment decisions.

Reduce inflation burden

Investments historically increase in value faster than the rate at which prices rise.

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Dividends

Returns paid out to investors from a company's profits.

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Cashflow

The movement of money both in and out of a company's accounts

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Automated Investment

Setting up automated payments and using tools like 'Stop-Loss' for risk management.

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Fractional Shares

Buying small portions of a company's stock.

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Tax advantages

Schemes and products exempt from taxes, supported by the Government.

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Compound Returns

Reinvesting returns to cause your investment to rapidly increase.

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Investing Improves Wealth Management

Knowing what you spend and why.

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Systematic Risk

External events impacting the whole financial market.

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Specific (Unsystematic) Risk

Events affecting individual companies.

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Liquidity Risk

Not having enough money for financial obligations.

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Market Risk

The chance of something impacting the whole market.

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Study Notes

What is Investing?

  • Investing is a method of putting money into the capital market with the expectation of future gains
  • When investing, how long you can wait for returns, desired rate of return, and how much to invest should be considered
  • Risk tolerance and understanding of the markets will also affect investment decisions

Benefits of Investing

  • Investing may reduce the burden of inflation because many investments grow faster than inflation
  • Cash held in bank accounts loses buying power over time and leads to increased interest rates in savings accounts
  • Investing helps with financial planning for the future
  • Long-term investing can handle short-term market volatility
  • Volatility refers to how much the price of a stock, derivative, or index is decreasing

Passive Income

  • Investments like stocks pay out regular returns in the form of dividends to investors
  • Dividends can be reinvested or used to boost current lifestyle
  • Cash flow refers to the movement of money in and out of a company’s accounts
  • Long-term average annual inflation is about 3% in America, while the US stock market has an average annual return of 11%
  • Reasons and investments can change as personal circumstances change

Additional Reasons to Invest

  • Increased income can lead to more investments into riskier assets
  • Investments can be accessed earlier than intended, such as with an emergency fund
  • Investment accounts can be set up with automated payments using risk management tools like "Stop-Loss" and "Take Profit"
  • Portfolio returns are important to monitor, but the investment process itself can be automated
  • Purchasing fractional shares allows investment with limited cash reserves
  • Some government-supported schemes and products offer tax advantages, like Stocks and Shares ISA accounts
  • Compounding is a key to successful investing
  • Reinvesting interim returns may rapidly grow investments
  • Investing makes you disciplined and conscious of your spending, improving wealth management

Investment Risks

  • Investment outcomes aren't guaranteed and prices can fluctuate
  • Market risk can impact financial market performance such as changes in interest rates
  • Systematic risk can shock the entire market as a result of geopolitical changes
  • Specific (unsystematic) risk - Impacts companies/sectors caused by weather or material shortages
  • Liquidity risk refers to a company having insufficient funds for financial obligations

Final Thoughts

  • Your income can either be saved or invested
  • Investing is a variable influenced by external forces
  • Careful planning allows investment, inflation control, creation of an extra income stream, and achievement of financial targets

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