Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following characteristics is NOT required for an organism to be classified as an insect?
Which of the following characteristics is NOT required for an organism to be classified as an insect?
- Segmented body
- 3 major body sections
- 4 legs (correct)
- Paired, many jointed legs
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Class Insecta?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Class Insecta?
- Segmented body
- 3 major body sections
- Paired, many jointed legs (correct)
- 4 legs
Which of the following taxonomic ranks is directly above Class Insecta?
Which of the following taxonomic ranks is directly above Class Insecta?
- Superclass (correct)
- Subphylum
- Phylum
- Kingdom
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all insects?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all insects?
Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of insects?
Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of insects?
What is the primary function of the mandibles in insects?
What is the primary function of the mandibles in insects?
What is the purpose of the exoskeleton in insects?
What is the purpose of the exoskeleton in insects?
What is the process called when an insect sheds its exoskeleton?
What is the process called when an insect sheds its exoskeleton?
What is the name for the stage of insect development where the insect is sexually mature?
What is the name for the stage of insect development where the insect is sexually mature?
What is the defining characteristic of insects belonging to the order Diptera?
What is the defining characteristic of insects belonging to the order Diptera?
Which insect order has forewings modified into hardened elytra?
Which insect order has forewings modified into hardened elytra?
Which of the following insect orders undergo incomplete metamorphosis?
Which of the following insect orders undergo incomplete metamorphosis?
Which larval type is characterized by a long, cylindrical body with short thoracic legs and abdominal prolegs?
Which larval type is characterized by a long, cylindrical body with short thoracic legs and abdominal prolegs?
What is the name of the pupal stage where the developing appendages are held tightly against the body?
What is the name of the pupal stage where the developing appendages are held tightly against the body?
Which order of insects includes bees, ants, and wasps?
Which order of insects includes bees, ants, and wasps?
What is the term used to describe the separation of the old exoskeleton from the epidermis during molting?
What is the term used to describe the separation of the old exoskeleton from the epidermis during molting?
What is the name of the fluid secreted by the epidermis during molting that helps digest the old exoskeleton?
What is the name of the fluid secreted by the epidermis during molting that helps digest the old exoskeleton?
Which type of metamorphosis is characterized by the presence of a pupal stage?
Which type of metamorphosis is characterized by the presence of a pupal stage?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a social insect?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a social insect?
During molting, what is the function of the cuticulin layer?
During molting, what is the function of the cuticulin layer?
What is the term for an insect that feeds on the internal organs and tissues of a single host individual during their larval stage, eventually killing it?
What is the term for an insect that feeds on the internal organs and tissues of a single host individual during their larval stage, eventually killing it?
What are the two main categories of insects that feed on dead organisms?
What are the two main categories of insects that feed on dead organisms?
Which of the following is NOT a survival strategy employed by insects?
Which of the following is NOT a survival strategy employed by insects?
What is the primary advantage of small size in insects?
What is the primary advantage of small size in insects?
What is the primary function of the exoskeleton in insects?
What is the primary function of the exoskeleton in insects?
Which of the following insects are NOT typically considered decomposers?
Which of the following insects are NOT typically considered decomposers?
Which adaptation allows insects to effectively exploit a wide range of habitats?
Which adaptation allows insects to effectively exploit a wide range of habitats?
What is the term for insects that steal food or other resources from the nests of social insects?
What is the term for insects that steal food or other resources from the nests of social insects?
What is the primary role of the layer of humus created by saprophagous insects?
What is the primary role of the layer of humus created by saprophagous insects?
What is the primary advantage of high reproductive potential in insects?
What is the primary advantage of high reproductive potential in insects?
How does the exoskeleton of insects contribute to movement?
How does the exoskeleton of insects contribute to movement?
What is the main function of the spermatheca in female insects?
What is the main function of the spermatheca in female insects?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of saprophagous insects?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of saprophagous insects?
How does an unbalanced sex ratio, with more females than males, benefit insects?
How does an unbalanced sex ratio, with more females than males, benefit insects?
In insects that undergo complete metamorphosis, what is the main function of the larval stage?
In insects that undergo complete metamorphosis, what is the main function of the larval stage?
What is the term for the dormant state that some insects enter during periods of cold temperatures?
What is the term for the dormant state that some insects enter during periods of cold temperatures?
What is the primary difference between complete and incomplete metamorphosis in insects?
What is the primary difference between complete and incomplete metamorphosis in insects?
What is the name given to insects that feed on the blood of vertebrate animals?
What is the name given to insects that feed on the blood of vertebrate animals?
How does metamorphosis benefit insects?
How does metamorphosis benefit insects?
What is the advantage of an insect's ability to fly?
What is the advantage of an insect's ability to fly?
What is the primary difference between parasitoids and parasites?
What is the primary difference between parasitoids and parasites?
What is the main advantage of insect migration?
What is the main advantage of insect migration?
How do wind patterns aid in insect migration?
How do wind patterns aid in insect migration?
What is the name for insect species where the females feed on males to obtain a nutritional advantage?
What is the name for insect species where the females feed on males to obtain a nutritional advantage?
Why is migration considered a risky venture for insects?
Why is migration considered a risky venture for insects?
What is the defining characteristic of diapause in insects?
What is the defining characteristic of diapause in insects?
How is diapause triggered in insects?
How is diapause triggered in insects?
What is the main advantage of diapause for insects?
What is the main advantage of diapause for insects?
What is an example of an environmental cue that can terminate diapause?
What is an example of an environmental cue that can terminate diapause?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of diapause in insects?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of diapause in insects?
What behavioral strategy is used by insects like chinch bugs and armyworms to move beyond their local habitats?
What behavioral strategy is used by insects like chinch bugs and armyworms to move beyond their local habitats?
Which group of insects is known to be solely responsible for transmitting malaria?
Which group of insects is known to be solely responsible for transmitting malaria?
What is a benefit of insects decomposing organic matter?
What is a benefit of insects decomposing organic matter?
What type of insect is primarily responsible for causing significant damage to wooden structures?
What type of insect is primarily responsible for causing significant damage to wooden structures?
Which of the following insects can transmit multiple diseases to humans?
Which of the following insects can transmit multiple diseases to humans?
Which type of insect primarily benefits human health through their ability to pollinate?
Which type of insect primarily benefits human health through their ability to pollinate?
Which disease is transmitted exclusively by Siphonaptera?
Which disease is transmitted exclusively by Siphonaptera?
What specific feature do arthropod vectors share that is crucial for disease transmission?
What specific feature do arthropod vectors share that is crucial for disease transmission?
What is a crucial role of insects in nutrient cycling within ecosystems?
What is a crucial role of insects in nutrient cycling within ecosystems?
In which way can insects pose a high risk to human health beyond physical damage?
In which way can insects pose a high risk to human health beyond physical damage?
Which order of insects is primarily associated with the transmission of arboviral diseases?
Which order of insects is primarily associated with the transmission of arboviral diseases?
Which type of chemical communication benefits both the sender and receiver?
Which type of chemical communication benefits both the sender and receiver?
What type of communication is NOT limited by environmental barriers?
What type of communication is NOT limited by environmental barriers?
Which of these is a limiting factor of acoustic communication?
Which of these is a limiting factor of acoustic communication?
Which of these is NOT a benefit of visual communication?
Which of these is NOT a benefit of visual communication?
What type of visual signal is more costly to produce?
What type of visual signal is more costly to produce?
What is a key characteristic of a 'true' parasite?
What is a key characteristic of a 'true' parasite?
What is the term for insects that feed on plants?
What is the term for insects that feed on plants?
What type of insect is most likely to use olfactory cues to locate its host plant?
What type of insect is most likely to use olfactory cues to locate its host plant?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a predator?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a predator?
What is the term for insects that have a slightly broader host range?
What is the term for insects that have a slightly broader host range?
What is the meaning of 'attenuation' in the context of acoustic communication?
What is the meaning of 'attenuation' in the context of acoustic communication?
Which of these is a potential disadvantage of using visual signals for communication?
Which of these is a potential disadvantage of using visual signals for communication?
Which type of insect senses substrate vibrations using mechanoreceptors in their legs?
Which type of insect senses substrate vibrations using mechanoreceptors in their legs?
Which of these is a benefit of chemical communication over visual communication?
Which of these is a benefit of chemical communication over visual communication?
What is the term for the colorful wings of a butterfly?
What is the term for the colorful wings of a butterfly?
Which of these is an example of a zoophagous insect?
Which of these is an example of a zoophagous insect?
Which of these is NOT a benefit of using chemical communication?
Which of these is NOT a benefit of using chemical communication?
Which classification of insect societies exhibits cooperative brood care with a sterile worker caste but does NOT have overlapping generations?
Which classification of insect societies exhibits cooperative brood care with a sterile worker caste but does NOT have overlapping generations?
What is the primary distinction between 'communal' and 'subsocial' insect societies?
What is the primary distinction between 'communal' and 'subsocial' insect societies?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of living in a large insect colony?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of living in a large insect colony?
What is a key characteristic that distinguishes 'quasisocial' from 'semisocial' insect societies?
What is a key characteristic that distinguishes 'quasisocial' from 'semisocial' insect societies?
Which form of insect communication is most effective over long distances?
Which form of insect communication is most effective over long distances?
Why is tactile communication typically localized and instantaneous?
Why is tactile communication typically localized and instantaneous?
What is the primary function of antennal tapping in ants and termites?
What is the primary function of antennal tapping in ants and termites?
What type of communication is used by whirligig beetles to maintain their formation in water?
What type of communication is used by whirligig beetles to maintain their formation in water?
How does 'tandem running' in ants facilitate communication?
How does 'tandem running' in ants facilitate communication?
What is a major disadvantage of tactile communication?
What is a major disadvantage of tactile communication?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a pheromone?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a pheromone?
What is the primary function of the antifreeze compounds produced by certain insects?
What is the primary function of the antifreeze compounds produced by certain insects?
What is the PRIMARY difference between pheromones and allelochemicals?
What is the PRIMARY difference between pheromones and allelochemicals?
What is diapause in insects?
What is diapause in insects?
Which type of insect eye provides sensitivity to changes in light intensity but does not form images?
Which type of insect eye provides sensitivity to changes in light intensity but does not form images?
Which form of insect communication is essential for the honeybee's 'waggle dance'?
Which form of insect communication is essential for the honeybee's 'waggle dance'?
What describes the state of quiescence in insects?
What describes the state of quiescence in insects?
Which part of the antennae is the basal segment that articulates with the head capsule?
Which part of the antennae is the basal segment that articulates with the head capsule?
What type of communication do treehoppers use to elicit maternal protection from nymphs?
What type of communication do treehoppers use to elicit maternal protection from nymphs?
What type of mouthpart is characterized by structures that allow for biting and grinding solid food?
What type of mouthpart is characterized by structures that allow for biting and grinding solid food?
Where are antennae typically located on an insect's body?
Where are antennae typically located on an insect's body?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of chemical communication?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of chemical communication?
Which type of legs are adapted for catching and holding prey?
Which type of legs are adapted for catching and holding prey?
Which feature distinguishes simple eyes (ocelli) from compound eyes in insects?
Which feature distinguishes simple eyes (ocelli) from compound eyes in insects?
Why is insect communication considered 'adaptive'?
Why is insect communication considered 'adaptive'?
What is the term for the flexible regions of the thoracic segments in insects?
What is the term for the flexible regions of the thoracic segments in insects?
What distinguishes mayfly naiads and grylloblattids from most other insect species regarding temperature adaptation?
What distinguishes mayfly naiads and grylloblattids from most other insect species regarding temperature adaptation?
What is the composition of compound eyes in insects?
What is the composition of compound eyes in insects?
Which insect structure typically consists of 11 segments, with the last represented by appendages?
Which insect structure typically consists of 11 segments, with the last represented by appendages?
Which of the following describes the frons in insect anatomy?
Which of the following describes the frons in insect anatomy?
What kind of mouthparts do adult butterflies primarily exhibit?
What kind of mouthparts do adult butterflies primarily exhibit?
Which adaptation is associated with the saltatorial leg type?
Which adaptation is associated with the saltatorial leg type?
What is the main role of the compound eyes in insects?
What is the main role of the compound eyes in insects?
How does quiescence differ from diapause in insects?
How does quiescence differ from diapause in insects?
What type of antennal shape is described as having a gradually clubbed appearance?
What type of antennal shape is described as having a gradually clubbed appearance?
Which of the following accurately describes the structure of the labium?
Which of the following accurately describes the structure of the labium?
Which structure separates the frons from the clypeus in insect head anatomy?
Which structure separates the frons from the clypeus in insect head anatomy?
What environmental characteristic can signal insects to enter a quiescent state?
What environmental characteristic can signal insects to enter a quiescent state?
Which segment of the thorax usually bears a pair of wings if present?
Which segment of the thorax usually bears a pair of wings if present?
What term describes the appendages that may be present or absent at the end of the abdomen?
What term describes the appendages that may be present or absent at the end of the abdomen?
Which of the following is a primary function of the salivary glands in insects?
Which of the following is a primary function of the salivary glands in insects?
Which type of antennal shape is described as being bristle-like?
Which type of antennal shape is described as being bristle-like?
What is the primary function of cornicles in aphids?
What is the primary function of cornicles in aphids?
Which insect order is characterized by having a modified ovipositor used for stinging?
Which insect order is characterized by having a modified ovipositor used for stinging?
What unique feature distinguishes the abdominal gills of the Ephemeroptera order?
What unique feature distinguishes the abdominal gills of the Ephemeroptera order?
Which feature is common to insects from the order Collembola?
Which feature is common to insects from the order Collembola?
What is a defining characteristic of insects in the order Thysanoptera?
What is a defining characteristic of insects in the order Thysanoptera?
Which insect order is primarily known for having its wings held rooflike over its body?
Which insect order is primarily known for having its wings held rooflike over its body?
In which taxonomic category are insects with a conical head and piercing mouthparts classified?
In which taxonomic category are insects with a conical head and piercing mouthparts classified?
What is the primary function of abdominal prolegs in certain insect larvae?
What is the primary function of abdominal prolegs in certain insect larvae?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the order Lepidoptera?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the order Lepidoptera?
Which characteristic is used to distinguish between the Hemiptera and Homoptera orders?
Which characteristic is used to distinguish between the Hemiptera and Homoptera orders?
What does the term 'dichotomous key' refer to in insect identification?
What does the term 'dichotomous key' refer to in insect identification?
Which of the following orders is known for having a single pair of wings and knoblike projections called haltares?
Which of the following orders is known for having a single pair of wings and knoblike projections called haltares?
Which of the following orders features slender, flat bodies with large pincers at the end?
Which of the following orders features slender, flat bodies with large pincers at the end?
Flashcards
What is an insect?
What is an insect?
An insect is an invertebrate with segmented bodies, jointed legs, 3 major body sections, 6 legs, and 2 antennae.
Insect Taxonomy
Insect Taxonomy
Insects are classified under Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Mandibulata, Superclass Hexapoda, and Class Insecta.
Characteristics of Kingdom Animalia
Characteristics of Kingdom Animalia
Members are heterotrophic, eukaryotic, multicellular, motile, and lack cell walls or chloroplasts.
Major body sections of insects
Major body sections of insects
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Jointed legs in insects
Jointed legs in insects
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Phylum Arthropoda
Phylum Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
Mandibulata
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Hexapoda
Hexapoda
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Class Insecta
Class Insecta
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Ametabola
Ametabola
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Hemimetabola
Hemimetabola
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Holometabola
Holometabola
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Molting
Molting
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Ecdysis
Ecdysis
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Eruciform larvae
Eruciform larvae
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Pupa appearance: Obtect
Pupa appearance: Obtect
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Social Insects
Social Insects
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Wing venation
Wing venation
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Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera
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Diptera
Diptera
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Solitary
Solitary
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Communal
Communal
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Subsocial
Subsocial
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Quasisocial
Quasisocial
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Semisocial
Semisocial
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Eusocial
Eusocial
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Advantages of living in groups
Advantages of living in groups
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Disadvantages of living in groups
Disadvantages of living in groups
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Insect communication
Insect communication
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Types of communication
Types of communication
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Tactile communication
Tactile communication
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Chemical communication
Chemical communication
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Pheromones
Pheromones
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Allelochemicals
Allelochemicals
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Tandem running
Tandem running
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Allomones
Allomones
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Kairomones
Kairomones
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Synomones
Synomones
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Chemical Communication Benefits
Chemical Communication Benefits
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Limiting Factors of Chemical Communication
Limiting Factors of Chemical Communication
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Acoustic Communication
Acoustic Communication
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Benefits of Acoustic Communication
Benefits of Acoustic Communication
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Limiting Factors of Acoustic Communication
Limiting Factors of Acoustic Communication
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Visual Communication
Visual Communication
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Passive Visual Signals
Passive Visual Signals
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Active Visual Signals
Active Visual Signals
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Insect Trophic Levels
Insect Trophic Levels
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Herbivores in Insects
Herbivores in Insects
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Parasitism
Parasitism
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Endoparasites
Endoparasites
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Ectoparasites
Ectoparasites
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Hematophagy
Hematophagy
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Parasitoid
Parasitoid
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Hyperparasite
Hyperparasite
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Autoparasites
Autoparasites
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Brood Parasites
Brood Parasites
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Social Parasites
Social Parasites
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Saprophages
Saprophages
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Decomposers
Decomposers
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Adaptability in Insects
Adaptability in Insects
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Exoskeleton
Exoskeleton
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Small Size Advantage
Small Size Advantage
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Flight in Insects
Flight in Insects
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Metamorphosis
Metamorphosis
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Diapause
Diapause
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Quiescence
Quiescence
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Cold-Hardiness
Cold-Hardiness
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Antifreeze Compounds
Antifreeze Compounds
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Torpor
Torpor
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Head Structure
Head Structure
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Vertex
Vertex
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Coronal Suture
Coronal Suture
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Frons
Frons
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Ocelli
Ocelli
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Stemmata
Stemmata
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Compound Eyes
Compound Eyes
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Antennae
Antennae
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Glycoproteins in Hemolymph
Glycoproteins in Hemolymph
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Cold Stream Insects
Cold Stream Insects
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Parts of Antennae
Parts of Antennae
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Setaceous Antennae
Setaceous Antennae
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Filiform Antennae
Filiform Antennae
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Moniliform Antennae
Moniliform Antennae
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Clavate Antennae
Clavate Antennae
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Maxillae
Maxillae
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Labrum
Labrum
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Mandibles
Mandibles
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Haustellate Mouthparts
Haustellate Mouthparts
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Thorax
Thorax
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Prothorax
Prothorax
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Cursorial Legs
Cursorial Legs
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Saltatorial Legs
Saltatorial Legs
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Abdomen Anatomy
Abdomen Anatomy
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cerci
cerci
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Reproductive Potential
Reproductive Potential
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High Fecundity
High Fecundity
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High Fertility
High Fertility
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Spermatheca
Spermatheca
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Unbalanced Sex Ratio
Unbalanced Sex Ratio
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Asexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
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Incomplete Metamorphosis
Incomplete Metamorphosis
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Complete Metamorphosis
Complete Metamorphosis
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Migration
Migration
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Environmental Cues
Environmental Cues
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Thermal Convection
Thermal Convection
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Reproductive Diapause
Reproductive Diapause
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Resource Synchrony
Resource Synchrony
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Positive Impact of Insects
Positive Impact of Insects
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Harmful Insects
Harmful Insects
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Disease Vectors
Disease Vectors
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Arbovirus
Arbovirus
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Haematophagous Insects
Haematophagous Insects
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Siphonaptera
Siphonaptera
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Culicidae
Culicidae
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Calliphoridae
Calliphoridae
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Ecosystem Role of Insects
Ecosystem Role of Insects
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Medical Value of Insects
Medical Value of Insects
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Pincers
Pincers
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Median Caudal Filament
Median Caudal Filament
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Cornicles
Cornicles
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Abdominal Prolegs
Abdominal Prolegs
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Sting
Sting
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Abdominal Gills
Abdominal Gills
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Furcula
Furcula
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Collophore
Collophore
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Protura
Protura
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Collembola
Collembola
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Ephemeroptera
Ephemeroptera
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Orthoptera
Orthoptera
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Blattodea
Blattodea
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Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera
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Dichotomous Keys
Dichotomous Keys
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Study Notes
Insect Classification and Characteristics
- Insects are invertebrates with segmented bodies, six legs, and two antennae.
- They belong to the Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Mandibulata, Superclass Hexapoda, and Class Insecta.
- Key characteristics of each taxonomic group are detailed, outlining the traits each member must possess.
Insect Identification Tips
- Color is unreliable for identifying insects.
- Wing venation is crucial for identifying Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera orders/families.
- Know the defining traits of each major insect order.
Insect Development
- Morphogenesis encompasses growth, molting, and maturation.
- Molting is triggered by hormones, marking the end of one growth stage (instar) and the start of another.
- An insect's exoskeleton must be shed and replaced as it grows.
- Molting involves specific steps: apolysis, secretion, cuticulin production, fluid activation, digestion, new procuticle secretion, ecdysis, expansion, and tanning.
- Metamorphosis describes the developmental stages from immature form to adult. Different types exist based on the number of stages.
- Ametabola (no metamorphosis): young resemble adults, grow through molting.
- Hemimetabola (incomplete metamorphosis): egg, nymph, adult.
- Holometabola (complete metamorphosis): egg, larva, pupa, adult.
Larval and Pupal Forms
- Larvae can be grouped based on appearance: eruciform, campodeiform, scarabaeiform, elateriform, and vermiform. These forms reflect adaptations for feeding and growth.
- Pupae can be obtect (chrysalis), exarate, or coarctate, each displaying different patterns of appendage development.
Insect Behavior
- Social insects live in colonies (e.g., termites, bees). Social behavior varies.
- Social behaviors are classified as solitary, communal/subsocial, quasisocial, semissocial, and eusocial. Each classification is detailed regarding presence of a nest, brood care, reproductive castes, and generation overlap.
Insect Communication
- Insects use various means to communicate. Key methods include:
- Tactile: antennal tapping, tandem running, substrate vibrations useful for instant feedback and local communication
- Chemical: pheromones (intraspecific signals) & allelochemicals (interspecific signals) which include allomones, kairomones, and synomones. Chemical communication is highly effective over distances, in various environments.
- Acoustic: tympanic membranes, substrate vibrations useful for communication over distances, variable signals
- Visual: active (e.g., light flashes) & passive (e.g., color patterns). Visual signals can be used over long distances.
Insect Ecology
- Insects are consumers in various trophic levels.
- Herbivores (phytophagous) can be monophagous, oligophagous, or polyphagous, specializing or not.
- Carnivores (zoophagous) include predators, symbiotes, parasites, and parasitoids. Parasitoids eventually kill their host.
- Decomposers (saprophages) feed on dead plant/animal matter and recycle nutrients.
Insect Survival Strategies
- Anatomical adaptations: exoskeleton, small size, flight, high reproductive potential, metamorphosis.
- Behavioral adaptations: migration, diapause (dormancy and overwinternig), cold-hardiness including antifreeze adaptions.
Insect Anatomy
- Key anatomical features include: head (eyes, antennae, mouthparts).
- Insect eyes: simple eyes (ocelli) and compound eyes (ommatidia), each with varying functions.
- Antennae can be categorized by shape: setaeous, filiform, moniliform...
- Mouthparts are adapted for different diets, including chewing and sucking.
- Thorax: the three segments (prothorax, mesothorax, metathorax) with legs and wings respectively.
- Legs are adapted for various functions: cursorial, raptorial, natatorial, fossorial, and saltatorial.
Insect Orders (overview)
- Classification of diverse orders with emphasis on defining characteristics (Metamorphosis, Wing structure...etc). Table provided details some key species of each order.
Human Impact on Insects
- Beneficial insects: for food, pollination, decomposition of matter, pest control.
- Harmful insects: damage crops, wood, paper, vector diseases, household pests.
- Disease vectors: specifically highlighting certain insect orders and disease transmission (malaria, plague...).
Dichotomous Keys
- Guidelines for constructing simple dichotomous keys for insect identification.
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