Questions and Answers
What is the difference between data and information?
Data is raw and unorganized facts, while information is processed, organized, or structured data that is useful.
Which of the following is an example of analog information?
What distinguishes digital information from analog information?
Data is raw and unorganized facts that need to be processed by the computer; when processed, it becomes ______.
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What is entropy in the context of information theory?
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What are two types of data compression techniques?
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What is a computer encoding system?
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Analog information can take on an infinite set of values.
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Digital information is represented in continuous signals.
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Study Notes
Chapter Objectives
- Differentiate between data (raw facts) and information (processed data).
- Understand the distinction between analog and digital information.
- Explore the model and concepts of information theory.
- Learn about processes involved in information theory.
- Grasp two types of data compression techniques.
- Understand the concept of entropy in relation to information.
Introduction to Information Theory
- Information can be contextualized through real-life scenarios, such as sharing news.
- The method of conveying information varies (e.g., face-to-face, email) depending on proximity and situation.
- Questions arise regarding the nature of information, its representation, and transmission speed.
Data vs Information
- Data is unprocessed, unstructured, and can manifest as text, numbers, images, or sounds requiring computer processing.
- Information emerges when data is organized and contextualized, enabling knowledge transfer.
- Example distinction: Individual student's exam result (data) vs class average exam result (information).
Representation of Information
- Information representation varies based on:
- Purpose of the information.
- Intended user (computer or human).
- Context or environment in which the information exists.
Analog vs Digital Information
- Information can be represented as:
-
Analog Information:
- Continuous signals with infinite values (e.g., an analog clock time, voice).
-
Digital Information:
- Discrete signals with finite values in binary form (e.g., digital clock time, digitized images).
-
Analog Information:
Interaction of Digital and Analog Information
- Compact disk (CD) players exemplify a system combining digital and analog processes.
- Music is stored digitally on CDs and read by a laser diode.
- Digital-to-analog converters (DAC) transform digital data back into analog signals for sound reproduction.
- Recording music involves the reverse process via analog-to-digital converters (ADC).
Digital Information Representation
- Digital information in computing is fundamentally represented in bits.
- With 2-bit representation, four possible symbols can be created:
- S0: 00
- S1: 01
- S2: 10
- S3: 11
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Description
This quiz covers fundamental concepts in Information Theory, focusing on the distinction between data and information, types of information (analog vs digital), and the processes involved in this field. Additionally, it explores data compression techniques and the significance of entropy in information processing.
