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Questions and Answers
An Information System (IS) is a set of interrelated elements that collects, manipulates, stores, and disseminates data and information to provide a corrective reaction called ______.
feedback mechanism
The activity of gathering and capturing raw data is known as ______.
input
The organized collection of facts and information, typically consisting of two or more related data files, is called a ______.
database
E-commerce transactions can occur between companies (B2B), between companies and consumers (B2C), and between ______.
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A Transaction Processing System (TPS) is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to perform and record completed ______.
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Management Information Systems (MIS) focus on providing routine information to ______ and decision makers.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) allows a computer system to take on characteristics of human ______.
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Mobile commerce (m-commerce) involves the use of ______ devices to conduct business.
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The Internet is the world's largest computer network, consisting of thousands of interconnected ______.
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To protect against threats to your privacy and data, it is essential to install security and control ______.
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A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, and disseminate data and information is called an ______.
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One of an organization’s most valuable resources is ______.
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Raw facts are referred to as ______.
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A collection of facts organized in a meaningful way is known as ______.
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Awareness and understanding of information that can support a task is referred to as ______.
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If information is not accurate or complete, it can lead to ______ decisions.
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A set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals is called a ______.
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The components of a system include inputs, processing mechanisms, outputs, and ______.
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Efficiency is measured by what is produced divided by what is ______.
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The measure of how well a system attains its goals is referred to as ______.
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Study Notes
Introduction to Information Systems
- An Information System (IS) is a collection of interconnected elements that gather, process, share data and information to achieve a specific goal.
- Organizations utilize IS feedback to reach their objectives, boost revenue, and minimize costs.
 Information, Data, and Knowledge
- Information is a valuable asset for organizations.
- Data is raw, unorganized facts, while information refers to organized data that holds value beyond the facts themselves.
- A Process involves a series of logically connected tasks that aim for a specific outcome.
- Knowledge encompasses understanding the significance of information and applying it to support a task.
Characteristics of Valuable Information
- Inaccurate or incomplete data can lead to poor decision-making, potentially causing considerable financial losses.
- The importance of various information characteristics varies depending on the specific data required.
####Â Characteristics of Valuable Information (Continued)
- Information accuracy ensures information's reliability and validity.
- Completeness refers to having all the necessary information to make informed decisions.
- Conciseness involves presenting information in a concise and easily understandable manner.
- Relevance ensures that information directly aligns with the needs of the user.
- Timely information is delivered at the appropriate time to facilitate timely decisions.
- Information must be accessible to those who need it, ensuring that it readily available.
System Concepts
- A system is a group of interacting elements that work together to achieve a common goal.
- The components of a system include inputs, processing mechanisms, outputs, and feedback.
System Performance and Standards
- Efficiency measures the ratio of output produced to resources consumed.
- Effectiveness assesses how well a system achieves its goals.
- A system performance standard is a specific goal for the system.
What is an Information System
- An IS is a group of connected components.
- These elements gather information (input), change it (process), store it, share it (output), and react to the output.
- The aim of an IS is to achieve a goal.
Input, Processing, Output, Feedback
- Input is the process of finding and collecting information.
- Processing is the conversion of data into meaningful information.
- Output is the creation of useful information, usually in the form of documents and reports.
- Feedback is the use of information from the system to make changes to the processes.
Computer-Based Information Systems
- A CBIS is a system that uses hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures to gather, process, store, and share data.
- CBIS are increasingly being integrated into products and services.
Computer-Based Information Systems Technology Infrastructure
- This infrastructure includes all the hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are needed to collect, manipulate, store, and process data for a CBIS.
- It is a collection of shared resources that forms the base of every CBIS.
Computer-Based Information Systems Hardware, Software, and Database Definition
- Hardware encompasses the computer equipment used to perform input, processing, storage, and output functions.
- Software is the set of computer programs that control the operation of the computer.
- A database is a structured collection of information and facts, often containing two or more connected data files
Telecommunications, Networks, and the Web
- Telecommunications is the electronic transmission of signals for communication.
- Networks connect computers and equipment to enable electronic communication.
- The internet is the world’s biggest computer network, made up of thousands of connected networks that share information freely.
- The web is a network of connections on the internet to documents containing text, pictures, video, and sounds.
- An intranet is an internal network that allows members of an organization to communicate and work on projects.
- An extranet is a network based on web technology that lets authorized external parties, such as business partners and customers, access specific resources on a company’s intranet.
People and Procedures in a CBIS
- People are the most crucial element in most computer-based information systems.
- Procedures include the strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using the CBIS.
Business Information Systems Types
- The most usual types of information systems are designed for electronic and mobile commerce, transaction processing, management information, and decision support.
- Some organizations use special-purpose information systems, such as virtual reality, that not every organization utilizes.
Electronic and Mobile Commerce
- E-commerce is any business transaction carried out electronically, such as business to business (B2B), business to consumer (B2C), consumer to consumer (C2C), business and the public sector and consumer and the public sector.
- Mobile commerce (m-commerce) is the use of wireless, mobile devices to place orders and conduct business.
- E-procurement is the use of information systems and the internet to acquire parts and supplies.
- E-commerce is the use of information systems and the internet to perform all business-related tasks and functions.
Enterprise Systems: Transaction Processing Systems and Enterprise Resource Planning
- A transaction is a business-related exchange such as payments to employees or sales to customers.
- A transaction processing system (TPS) is a group of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that perform and record finished business transactions.
- Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a set of integrated programs that manage vital business operations for an entire multi-site global organization.
- Most ERP systems provide integrated software to support manufacturing and finance.
Information and Decision Support Systems
- A Management Information System (MIS) is a group of people, procedures, software, databases and devices that provide regular information to managers and decision makers.
- MIS focuses on operational effectiveness and provides standard reports generated with data and information from the TPS or ERP.
- A decision support system (DSS) is a group of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that support specific problem decision making.
- DSS focuses on making effective decisions and is used when the problem is complex and the information needed to determine the right action is difficult to obtain.
Specialized Business Information Systems: Knowledge Management, Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality
- Knowledge management systems (KMSs) are a group of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that create, store, share, and use an organization’s knowledge and experience.
- Artificial intelligence (AI) is a computer system that takes on characteristics of human intelligence
- Robotics is a type of AI that uses machines instead of humans to complete complex, dangerous, routine, or boring tasks.
- Vision systems allow devices to see, store, and process images.
- Natural language processing involves computers understanding and acting on verbal or written commands.
Specialized Business Information Systems Continued
- Learning systems are a type of AI that allow computers to learn from past errors or experiences.
- Neural networks are a type of AI that allow computers to recognize and act on patterns or trends.
- Expert systems give computers the ability to make suggestions and function like an expert in a particular field.
- Virtual reality is a simulation of a real or imagined environment that can be experienced visually in three dimensions.
Systems Development
- This is the activity of updating or creating new business systems.
- Mobile applications are anticipated to increase in popularity.
- Outsourcing allows a company to concentrate on its specialties while other functions are delegated to specialized companies.
Systems Investigation and Analysis
- Systems investigation is the process of gaining a clear understanding of the problem to be solved or the opportunity to be addressed.
- Systems analysis defines the problems and opportunities of the existing system.
Systems Design, Implementation, and Maintenance and Review
- Systems design: Determining how the new system will function to meet the business needs established during systems analysis.
- Systems implementation: The process of creating or modifying the system components defined in the systems design, assembling them, and putting the new system into operation.
- Systems maintenance and review: Checking and modifying the system so that it continues to meet changing business requirements.
Information Systems in Society, Business and Industry
- Information systems have been developed to meet the needs of every type of organization and individual.
- The rapid and widespread use of information systems opens users up to a variety of threats from unethical actors.
Security, Privacy, and Ethical Issues in Information Systems and the Internet
- Computer-related mistakes and waste are a concern.
- Ethical issues are concerned with what is generally considered right or wrong.
- The privacy of individuals is an important social issue.
- Social networking can cause problems in the workplace.
Security, Privacy, and Ethical Issues in Information Systems and the Internet Continued
- To protect against threats to privacy and data, security and control measures should be installed.
- A number of laws have been passed to protect people from the invasion of their privacy.
- The use of information systems raises concerns about work such as job losses through increased efficiency and potential health problems.
Computer and Information Systems Literacy
- Computer literacy is the knowledge of hardware, software, databases, and telecommunications and how they function.
- Information systems literacy encompasses the knowledge of how data and information are used by individuals, groups, and organizations.
- It also encompasses how and why this technology is applied.
Information Systems in Functional Areas of Business
- The functional areas and operating divisions of businesses include:
- Finance and accounting
- Sales and marketing
- Manufacturing
- Human resource management
- Legal information systems
Information Systems in Industry
- Industries that use information systems include:
- The airline and transportation industry
- Investment firms and banks
- Publishing companies
- Healthcare maintenance organizations (HMOs)
- Retail companies
- Power management and utility companies
- Professional services and management consulting firms.
Global Challenges in Information Systems
- Global challenges in information systems include:
- Cultural and language challenges
- Time and distance challenges
- Infrastructure challenges
- Currency challenges
- Product and service challenges
- Technology transfer issues
- State, regional, and national laws
- Trade agreements
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of Information Systems, including the distinction between data, information, and knowledge. It explores how organizations leverage valuable information to achieve objectives and improve decision-making. Test your understanding of these crucial elements in managing information effectively.
