Podcast
Questions and Answers
What characterizes a passive attack?
What characterizes a passive attack?
- It alters system resources.
- It is easy to detect due to data alteration.
- It attempts to learn or make use of information without altering data. (correct)
- It forces users to lose access to the system.
Which of the following is NOT a type of passive attack?
Which of the following is NOT a type of passive attack?
- Obtain message contents
- Modification
- Traffic analysis
- Masquerade (correct)
Which active attack involves retransmitting a captured message?
Which active attack involves retransmitting a captured message?
- Modification
- Denial of service
- Reply (correct)
- Masquerade
What is an example of a denial of service attack?
What is an example of a denial of service attack?
Why are passive attacks difficult to detect?
Why are passive attacks difficult to detect?
Which method is NOT an attack vector for threat actors?
Which method is NOT an attack vector for threat actors?
What is the primary vector for malware distribution?
What is the primary vector for malware distribution?
How can active attacks be prevented?
How can active attacks be prevented?
What is the primary technique used in social engineering attacks?
What is the primary technique used in social engineering attacks?
Which of the following is NOT a method of social engineering?
Which of the following is NOT a method of social engineering?
What type of scam involves fictitious overdue invoices?
What type of scam involves fictitious overdue invoices?
What is the primary goal of information security?
What is the primary goal of information security?
Why is phishing particularly successful today?
Why is phishing particularly successful today?
Which of the following components are part of the CIA Triad?
Which of the following components are part of the CIA Triad?
What is a vulnerability in the context of cybersecurity?
What is a vulnerability in the context of cybersecurity?
What does shoulder surfing involve?
What does shoulder surfing involve?
Which of the following best defines a threat actor?
Which of the following best defines a threat actor?
Which of the following best describes dumpster diving?
Which of the following best describes dumpster diving?
What is the role of botnets in spam activities?
What is the role of botnets in spam activities?
What are countermeasures in information security?
What are countermeasures in information security?
If one component of the CIA Triad is compromised, what does it create?
If one component of the CIA Triad is compromised, what does it create?
Which of the following is an example of a social engineering psychological method?
Which of the following is an example of a social engineering psychological method?
What constitutes a cyber threat?
What constitutes a cyber threat?
Which of the following does NOT constitute a part of information security layers?
Which of the following does NOT constitute a part of information security layers?
Which type of platform is most often associated with serious vulnerabilities due to being outdated?
Which type of platform is most often associated with serious vulnerabilities due to being outdated?
What is a common vulnerability associated with on-premises platforms?
What is a common vulnerability associated with on-premises platforms?
How do modern operating systems address vulnerabilities over time?
How do modern operating systems address vulnerabilities over time?
What is a primary factor contributing to vulnerabilities in cloud platforms?
What is a primary factor contributing to vulnerabilities in cloud platforms?
Why were on-premises platforms once considered secure?
Why were on-premises platforms once considered secure?
What challenge do cloud platforms consistently face due to their nature?
What challenge do cloud platforms consistently face due to their nature?
What result can occur from improper configuration settings in modern platforms?
What result can occur from improper configuration settings in modern platforms?
What primarily affects the security of cloud platforms?
What primarily affects the security of cloud platforms?
What is a potential problem when companies connect third-party systems with their own?
What is a potential problem when companies connect third-party systems with their own?
What is a zero-day vulnerability?
What is a zero-day vulnerability?
Why do organizations often delay patching their operating systems?
Why do organizations often delay patching their operating systems?
What is a major challenge when applying firmware patches?
What is a major challenge when applying firmware patches?
What is the primary goal of vendor management in a company?
What is the primary goal of vendor management in a company?
What does applying security patches aim to address?
What does applying security patches aim to address?
How do machine learning protections help against zero-day attacks?
How do machine learning protections help against zero-day attacks?
What can happen if an attacker finds a weak spot in a company's system?
What can happen if an attacker finds a weak spot in a company's system?
Flashcards
Information Security
Information Security
Protecting information from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification or destruction.
CIA Triad
CIA Triad
A security model encompassing Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability of data.
Cyber Threat
Cyber Threat
A malicious act intended to steal, damage data, or disrupt a digital system.
Vulnerability
Vulnerability
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Countermeasure
Countermeasure
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Threat Actor
Threat Actor
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Security Cycle
Security Cycle
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Information Security Layers
Information Security Layers
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Legacy Platform Vulnerabilities
Legacy Platform Vulnerabilities
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On-Premises Platform Security Challenges
On-Premises Platform Security Challenges
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Cloud Platform Misconfiguration
Cloud Platform Misconfiguration
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Cloud Platform Accessibility
Cloud Platform Accessibility
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Weak Configurations
Weak Configurations
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Platform Vulnerabilities
Platform Vulnerabilities
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Modern Platform Updates
Modern Platform Updates
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Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing
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Vendor Management
Vendor Management
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Third-Party Security Risks
Third-Party Security Risks
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Patches
Patches
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Software Vulnerabilities
Software Vulnerabilities
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Zero-Day Vulnerability
Zero-Day Vulnerability
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Security Attacks
Security Attacks
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System Patching Challenges
System Patching Challenges
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Firmware Updates
Firmware Updates
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Passive Attack
Passive Attack
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Active Attack
Active Attack
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Message Content Attack
Message Content Attack
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Traffic Analysis Attack
Traffic Analysis Attack
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Masquerade Attack
Masquerade Attack
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Replay Attack
Replay Attack
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Modification Attack
Modification Attack
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Denial-of-Service Attack
Denial-of-Service Attack
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Social Engineering
Social Engineering
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Impersonation
Impersonation
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Phishing
Phishing
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Spam
Spam
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Dumpster Diving
Dumpster Diving
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Tailgating
Tailgating
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Shoulder Surfing
Shoulder Surfing
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Watering Hole Attack
Watering Hole Attack
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Study Notes
Introduction to Information Security
- Information security is the practice of protecting information from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.
- Information security covers digital information in various forms: processed by microprocessors (computers), stored on devices (hard drives, USB drives), and transmitted over networks (local area networks, internet).
Defining Information Security
- Information security protects data from unauthorized actions.
CIA Triad
- A good security system needs Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.
- Confidentiality ensures information isn't disclosed to unauthorized people.
- Integrity ensures information isn't modified without authorization.
- Availability ensures information access when needed.
- Loss of any of these components weakens the system's security and makes it vulnerable to attacks.
AAA of Security
- Authentication establishes a person's identity with proof and confirmation by a system using methods like something you know, something you are, something you have, or something you do.
- Authorization grants access to data or resources based on established identities. This includes tracking data, computer usage, and network resources.
- Accounting records data, usage, and resources, and establishes non-repudiation (proof of action).
Information Security Layers
- The 7 layers of cybersecurity include The Human Layer, Perimeter Security, Network Security, Endpoint Security, Application Security, Data Security, Mission Critical Assets.
Security Cycle
- Threats are malicious acts to steal or damage data or digital systems.
- Vulnerabilities are points where a system is susceptible to attack.
- Countermeasures are technologies, policies, tools, and people to protect a system.
Who Are the Threat Actors?
- Threat actors (malicious actors) are individuals or entities responsible for cyber incidents against systems.
- These include criminal organizations, individuals (both internal and external), nation-states, and hacktivists.
Vulnerabilities and Attacks
- Vulnerabilities are flaws in design, procedures, internal controls, or lack of education that cybercriminals can exploit.
- Cybersecurity vulnerabilities are categorized into Platforms, Configurations, Third Parties, Patches, and Zero-day vulnerabilities.
Platforms
- Legacy platforms are outdated and vulnerable ones.
- On-premises platforms, that are within an enterprise's data center, are vulnerable due to inadequate security configurations.
- Cloud platforms, which are pay-per-use computing models, can also be vulnerable depending on misconfigurations.
Configurations
- Modern hardware and software have security settings that need proper configuration to prevent attacks.
- Incorrect configurations can result in weak configurations.
Third Parties
- Companies often use outside help (IT services) which requires careful vendor management to ensure security.
- External systems connecting to the company's system can introduce vulnerabilities.
Patches
- Operating systems become more complex, leading to more vulnerabilities, requiring regular patches to keep systems secure.
- Applying patches can be tricky, especially for firmware, and delays can introduce more issues.
Zero Day
- Zero-day vulnerabilities are exploited by threat actors before the developer is aware of it which makes it harder to protect against.
- Machine learning-based protections can be a good way to spot these.
Security Attacks
- Security attacks compromise the security of information owned by an Organization.
- Attacks are classified as either passive or active attacks.
Passive Attacks
- Passive attacks attempt to learn or make use of data without affecting system resources, making them difficult to detect.
- These attacks include obtaining message contents and traffic analysis.
Active Attacks
- Active attacks intend to alter system resources or affect operations.
- These include impersonation, reply, modification, and denial of service attacks.
Attack Vectors
- Attack vectors are methods used by threat actors to enter a system.
- Common vectors include email, wireless transmissions, removable media, direct access, social media, and cloud systems.
Social Engineering Attacks
- Social engineering attacks are psychological approaches employing impersonation, phishing, redirection, spam, hoaxes, and watering hole attacks to gain data or information.
Phishing
- Phishing in social engineering is a common method that uses fake websites or emails in the name of a real institution to trick users into giving up personal information.
- Fake websites mimic legitimate entities. Invoice scams are another example in which illegitimate invoices are sent pretending to be legitimate.
Spam
- Spam is unsolicited email sent to large recipients by spammers to make a profit.
- Spam is often sent from botnets, which can also be used to launch attacks.
Physical Procedures
- Physical attacks can include dumpster diving and shoulder surfing to gain information.
- Dumpster diving is digging through trash receptacles.
- Shoulder surfing is watching someone enter information, like passwords.
Impacts of Attacks
- Negative impacts of successful attacks usually on data and the enterprise.
- This can result in data loss, data exfiltration, data breach, and identity theft. These actions can affect the organization's productivity and financials.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of information security, including the CIA triad and the AAA principles. You'll learn about the importance of protecting information from unauthorized access and ensuring data integrity and availability. Test your knowledge on how various security measures are implemented to safeguard digital information.
