Introduction to Information and Communication Engineering
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of an input transducer in a communication system?

  • To convert information into a time-varying electrical signal. (correct)
  • To amplify the signal before it is transmitted.
  • To filter out unwanted noise from the signal.
  • To convert electrical signals into a different form of energy.

Which of these is NOT an example of an information source in a communication system?

  • A microphone
  • A resistor (correct)
  • A television
  • A computer

What is the primary function of a communication system?

  • To generate new information from existing data.
  • To process and analyze large quantities of data.
  • To transmit information from one point to another. (correct)
  • To store information for later retrieval.

Which of the following correctly describes the components of a typical communication system?

<p>Information source, input transducer, channel, receiver, and output transducer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A microphone is an example of which type of component in a communication system?

<p>Input transducer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the channel in a communication system?

<p>To provide a medium for signal transmission. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the receiver in a communication system?

<p>To convert electrical signals into a usable form of information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is NOT a category of communication channels?

<p>Wired channels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an amplifier in a communication system?

<p>To increase the amplitude or strength of a transmitted signal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is modulation in the context of communication systems?

<p>The superimposing of a message signal with a carrier wave (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of modulation changes the amplitude of the carrier signal in response to the message signal?

<p>Amplitude Modulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In digital technology, how is data represented?

<p>In states of high and low values (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the analogue to digital conversion process of a signal?

<p>Quantization, sampling, and encoding are combined (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does frequency modulation (FM) differ from amplitude modulation (AM)?

<p>FM varies the frequency while keeping amplitude constant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of wired communication systems?

<p>Signals are directed along a physical medium. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which twisted pair cable type is most commonly used for telecommunication and LAN applications?

<p>Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about analogue signals is NOT true?

<p>Analogue signals only use high and low states (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of modulating a signal?

<p>A modulated wave that can be transmitted over distance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the second conductor in a twisted pair cable?

<p>To serve as a ground reference. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage of twisted pair cables compared to coaxial cables?

<p>Lower bandwidth capacity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use of RG-6 cables?

<p>High-definition television. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic makes coaxial cables more reliable than twisted pair cables?

<p>Less affected by external interference. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable feature of coaxial cables compared to twisted pair cables?

<p>Support for high bandwidth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically a use of twisted pair cables?

<p>Video signal transmission. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the core in an optical fiber?

<p>To transmit light (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a major advantage of optical fiber over copper-based media?

<p>Greater bandwidth capacity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prevents light from escaping the sidewalls of an optical fiber?

<p>Total internal reflection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does fiber optics manage electromagnetic interference (EMI)?

<p>By being immune to EMI (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of the lower power loss in fiber optics?

<p>Longer cable runs and fewer amplifiers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the physical dimensions of an optical fiber compared to metallic conductors?

<p>Lighter and thinner (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature of optical fibers eliminates the need for grounding connections?

<p>Electrical isolation between transmitter and receiver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physical phenomenon allows light to travel through the optical fiber?

<p>Total internal reflection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Wired Communication Systems

Communication where signals are transmitted through a physical medium.

Wireless Communication Systems

Communication where signals are transmitted through free space.

Twisted Pair Cable

A cable made of two twisted copper conductors for data transmission.

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

Twisted pair cables without additional shielding, cheaper option.

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Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

Twisted pair cables with extra shielding to decrease interference.

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Coaxial Cable

Cable with a core conductor, insulator, and braided shielding.

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Uses of Coaxial Cable

Used for TV, internet, CCTV, and high-definition video connections.

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Advantages of Coaxial Cables

Support high bandwidth, easy to install, durable, and less noise interference.

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Optical Fiber

A thin, cylindrical cable that guides light through total internal reflection.

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Core

The part of the fiber that transmits light.

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Cladding

Material surrounding the core with a lower refractive index.

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Total Internal Reflection

Optical phenomenon allowing light to be confined to the core.

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Bandwidth

The measure of data transmission capacity over a medium.

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Electrical Isolation

No grounding connection is needed with fiber optics.

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EMI immunity

Optical fibers are unaffected by electromagnetic interference.

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Low Power Loss

Less energy lost allows for longer cable runs.

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Communication System

A system designed to transmit information from a source to a destination.

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Information Source

The origin of the message or data to be transmitted.

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Transmitter

The component that sends the information-bearing signal.

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Channel

The medium through which the information travels.

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Receiver

The component that receives the transmitted signal.

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Input Transducer

A device that converts one form of energy into a time-varying electrical signal.

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Examples of Information Sources

Devices that generate various types of information such as audio, text, or images.

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Block Diagram

A visual representation of a communication system's components and flow.

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AM vs FM

AM stands for Amplitude Modulation; FM stands for Frequency Modulation. AM varies the amplitude of the carrier wave, while FM varies its frequency.

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Digital Modulation

A technique that uses discrete signals to modify a carrier wave for communication, improving data transmission efficiency.

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ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying)

A form of digital modulation that uses changes in amplitude to represent data.

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FSK (Frequency Shift Keying)

A digital modulation technique that uses variations in frequency to represent data.

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PSK (Phase Shift Keying)

A modulation method that uses phase changes of the carrier wave to signify data changes.

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QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)

A modulation technique that combines both amplitude and phase variations to transmit data simultaneously.

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Antenna Definition

A specialized transducer that converts electric current into electromagnetic waves, or vice versa, essential for transmitting signals.

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Channel in Communication

The physical medium that carries information signals from transmitter to receiver, often affected by noise.

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Analogue Communication

A system that communicates data using electronic signals with varying frequencies or amplitudes.

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Digital Communication

A system that processes and transmits data in two states: high (1) and low (0).

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Signal Amplifier

An electronic device that boosts the strength of transmitted signals.

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Modulation

The process of superimposing information signals over high-frequency carrier waves for transmission.

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Amplitude Modulation (AM)

A technique where the amplitude of a carrier signal varies in proportion to the message signal.

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Frequency Modulation (FM)

A technique where the frequency of the carrier wave varies according to the message signal.

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Phase Modulation

A technique where the phase of the carrier wave is varied while maintaining constant amplitude.

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Analogue to Digital Conversion Process

The steps of sampling, quantization, and encoding that convert analogue signals into digital form.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Information and Communication Engineering (ICE111)

  • Course code: ICE111
  • Course title: Introduction to Information and Communication Engineering
  • Lecturer: Dr. O. I. Oshin

Module 2 Objectives and Outcomes

  • Objective: To teach basic concepts of signal transmission, reception, and different communication channels in engineering systems.
  • Learning Outcomes:
    • Draw a block diagram representing a typical communication system.
    • Describe the functions of each component in a communication system block diagram.
    • Compare and contrast different categories and types of communication channels.

Communication System

  • Purpose: Transmit information-bearing signals from a source to a destination (sink).
  • Major Components: Transmitter, Channel (medium), and Receiver.

Transmitter

  • Components: Information source, input transducer, amplifier, modulator, antenna.
  • Function: Converts information into a signal suitable for transmission.

Receiver

  • Components: Receiving antenna, amplifier, detector, demodulator, output transducer, information source.
  • Function: Receives the signal, converts it into a form usable by the information sink.

Components of a Communication System: Information Source

  • Function: Produces the message to be transmitted.
  • Examples: Sine wave generator, square wave generator, oscillator, microphone, computer, radio, television.

Components of a Communication System: Input Transducer

  • Function: Converts one form of energy to another (typically, from non-electrical to electrical).
  • Examples: Microphone (converts sound to electrical signals), photodetector (converts light to electrical signals).

Categorization of Communication Systems: According to Signal Specification/Technology

  • Analog: Data communicated as signals of varying frequency or amplitude.
  • Digital: Data communicated as signals in two states (high/low, 1/0).

Components of a Communication System: Amplifier

  • Function: Increases the amplitude/strength of a signal.
  • Use: When signal strength is below required level.

Components of a Communication System: Modulation

  • Function: Allows transmission of information over long distances by superimposing information signals onto a high frequency carrier wave.
  • Types (analog):
    • Amplitude modulation (AM): Changes the amplitude of the carrier wave in proportion to the message signal while the phase and frequency remain constant.
    • Frequency modulation (FM): Changes the frequency of the carrier wave in proportion to the message signal while amplitude and phase remain constant.
    • Phase modulation (PM): Changes the phase of the carrier wave in proportion to the message signal while amplitude remains constant; changes frequency as well.

Components of a Communication System: Modulation (Digital)

  • Methods:
    • Amplitude-shift keying (ASK)
    • Frequency-shift keying (FSK)
    • Phase-shift keying (PSK)
    • Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)
    • Used for transmitting digital signals.

Components of a Communication System: Antenna

  • Function: Converts electrical current into electromagnetic (EM) waves, or vice versa.
  • Design Considerations: Size must be approximately equal to the wavelength of the signal for efficient operation.
  • Antenna length calculation formula: L = λ = c/f. (where, λ = wavelength, c = speed of light, f = frequency)

Components of a Communication System: Channel

  • Definition: Physical medium (wire, cable, space) for signal transmission.
  • Impairment: Noise is the major channel impairment.
  • Noise Sources: External (interference from other signals, natural sources, etc.), and internal (random electron motion, thermal noise, etc.).

Categorization of Communication Systems: According to Communication Channel

  • Wired (Guided Media): Signal contained within the physical limits of the medium (e.g., twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber).
  • Wireless (Unguided Media): Signal propagates through free space (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, cellular communications, microwave communications, satellite communications).

Categorization of Communication Systems: Twisted Pair Cable

  • Invention: Alexander Graham Bell.
  • Structure: Two copper conductors twisted together with insulation.
  • Types: Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP), Shielded Twisted Pair (STP).
  • Use: Telephone lines, local area networks, DSL lines

Categorization of Communication Systems: Coaxial Cable

  • Structure: Core conductor surrounded by an insulator, then a braided metal shield, and finally a protective outer layer.
  • Advantages: High bandwidth, reduced interference compared to twisted pair.
  • Applications: Television, satellite TV, and cable TV (using RG-6 cable).

Categorization of Communication Systems: Optical Fiber

  • Structure: Thin glass or plastic strands bundled into a cable for light transmission using total internal reflection.
  • Advantages: High bandwidth, low signal loss over long distances, immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI).
  • Applications: Long-distance communication, high-speed data transmission.

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ICE111 Introduction to Information and Communication Engineering PDF

Description

This quiz assesses your understanding of the basic concepts of signal transmission, reception, and communication channels in engineering systems. You will learn to identify components in a communication system block diagram and compare different communication channels. Test your knowledge and skills in the field of information and communication engineering.

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