Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of the industrial approach in I/O psychology?
Who developed the theory that applied psychology to advertising, significantly impacting business practices?
Which of the following is a key component of organizational psychology?
What is one of the primary contributions of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth to I/O psychology?
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What is the primary purpose of Industrial-Organizational Psychology?
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What was the purpose of the Army Alpha and Beta tests used during WWI?
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What was demonstrated by the Hawthorne Studies regarding employee behavior?
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Which area does Organizational Psychology specifically focus on?
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How does I/O Psychology primarily derive its conclusions?
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Which of the following is NOT a focus of personnel psychology?
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In the Science-Practitioner Model, what roles do I/O professionals play?
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Which early I/O psychologist is associated with the concept of industrial efficiency?
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What is a common method used by Organizational psychologists to gather information?
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What do Human Factors/Ergonomics focus on within the workplace?
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What is an essential aspect of performance appraisal in I/O Psychology?
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What type of consulting role do I/O psychologists commonly perform?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Industrial-Organizational Psychology
- I/O Psychology applies psychological principles to workplace settings, enhancing performance and dignity in organizations.
- Aims to advance knowledge of human behavior to improve employee and organizational outcomes.
- Emphasizes empirical data and quantitative methods over intuition for decision-making and research.
Organizational Psychology
- Focuses on leadership, job satisfaction, employee motivation, and organizational communication.
- Manages conflict, organizational change, and group processes within the workplace.
- Conducts surveys to gauge employee attitudes and serves as a consultant to implement improvement programs.
Human Factors and Ergonomics
- Concentrates on workplace design, optimizing human-machine interaction, ergonomics, and mitigating physical fatigue and stress.
- Collaborates with engineers to enhance workplace safety and efficiency.
Major Fields of I/O Psychology
- Industrial Approach: Identifies job competencies, recruits qualified employees, and provides necessary training to enhance skills.
- Organizational Approach: Develops structures and cultures that foster employee motivation, information dissemination, and safe working conditions.
Personnel Psychology
- Investigates job analysis, recruitment, employee selection, salary determination, training, and performance evaluation.
- Utilizes or develops tests for employee selection and promotion purposes.
Brief History of I/O Psychology
- Walter Dill Scott introduced psychology to business with his advertising theories.
- Hugo Munsterberg linked psychology with industrial efficiency.
- The field evolved from Economic Psychology, Business Psychology, and Employment Psychology with contributions from notable figures like James Cattell and Lillian Gilbreth.
- During WWI, I/O psychologists developed Army Alpha and Beta tests to assess literate and illiterate recruits, respectively.
- Thomas Edison designed a comprehensive knowledge test for over 900 job candidates.
- Frank and Lillian Gilbreth analyzed worker motions to enhance productivity and reduce fatigue, contributing to the understanding of work efficiency.
- The Hawthorne Studies revealed the complexity of employee behavior, showing the significance of interpersonal relationships between managers and employees.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of Industrial-Organizational Psychology, focusing on how psychological principles enhance workplace dynamics. This quiz covers topics such as leadership, employee motivation, and ergonomics, aiming to improve performance and well-being in organizational settings.
