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Questions and Answers
What does the Unani system of medicine primarily emphasize for maintaining health?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four humours according to the Unani system?
What type of formulations are commonly used in Unani medicine?
Which principle is shared by the Unani system and Ayurveda?
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How does the Unani system approach the treatment of diseases?
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What are the five basic elements that compose all things in the universe according to the Siddha system?
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What is considered the basic building block of the human body in the Siddha system?
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In Siddha medicine, what results from an imbalance of humours?
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Which sage is associated with the Siddha system of medicine?
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What is the primary focus of medicinal preparations in the Siddha system?
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Which philosopher is considered the father of Unani medicine?
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Which ancient Greek scholar made valuable contributions to Unani medicine after Hippocrates?
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What significant role do metals like gold, lead, and zinc play in Siddha medicine?
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Which text is considered the first recorded treatise on Ayurveda?
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What is one of the sections in the Sushruta Samhita focused on?
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Which of the following is NOT an Ayurvedic formulation type?
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Which herb is considered significant in Ayurveda?
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How are Ayurvedic drugs classified?
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Which type of therapy used in Ayurveda focuses on elimination?
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What does the term 'Siddha' mean?
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Why is the Siddha system primarily practiced in Tamil Nadu?
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Which of the following herbs are primarily used as therapeutic agents in traditional Indian systems of medicine?
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What does the term 'Prakruti' refer to in Ayurveda?
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Which of the following does NOT represent a basic element in Ayurveda?
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Which disease categorization in Ayurveda does NOT include external factors?
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From which two words is the term 'Ayurveda' derived?
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What role do pharmaceuticals play in Ayurveda?
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Which combination is referred to as Tridosha in Ayurveda?
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Who was the first perceived source of Ayurveda according to tradition?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Indian Systems of Medicine
- Indigenous or traditional medicine practiced in India includes Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Homeopathy, and Aromatherapy.
- All systems primarily use plant products, herbs, and natural substances.
- Plant products contain therapeutic agents such as alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, and volatile oils.
Ayurvedic System
- Origin & Meaning: Ayurveda, meaning "science of life," is the oldest system of medicine in India, originating from the gods.
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Basic Principles:
- Based on five basic elements: space, air, energy, liquid, and solid.
- Human body consists of three doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha), maintaining balance for health.
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Treatment:
- Uses drugs, diets, and practices.
- Employs vegetables, animals, minerals, and metals.
- Charaka Samhita (900 BC), considered the first Ayurvedic treatise, mentions 341 medicinal plants.
- Sushruta Samhita (600 BC) focuses on surgery and lists 395 medicinal plants, 57 animal-origin drugs, and 64 minerals/metals.
- Formulations: Includes powders (Churana), pastes (Kalpa), extracts (Kashaya), and tinctures (agava), mostly polyherbal.
- Diagnosis: Employs simple methods, focusing on a wholesome diet.
- Therapies: Four types - elimination, alleviation, psychic, and surgery.
- Administration: Drugs are administered externally (ointments, powders, eye drops) and internally (tablets, pills, syrups).
Siddha System
- Origin: One of the oldest systems, dating back to the pre-Vedic period and practiced in Mohenjo-daro (5000-3000 BC).
- Meaning: "Siddha" translates to achievement, with practitioners considered saintly figures.
- Principles: Similar to Ayurveda, considers the human body a reflection of the universe, composed of five basic elements (earth, fire, water, air, and sky).
- Treatment: Food and drugs contain varying proportions of these elements with therapeutic effects. Focuses on three body humours, seven tissues, and body fluids (faeces, urine, sweat).
- Importance: Often achieved through yoga and meditation, giving importance to minerals and metals.
- Notable Herbs: Garlic, neem, and lemon.
- Metals: Gold, lead, copper, iron, and zinc are used after detoxification.
Unani System
- Origin: Originated in Greece, with roots tracing back to Hippocrates (460-377 BCE).
- Fundamental Framework: Based on Hippocrates' teachings.
- Contributions: Aristotle Galen (131–210 CE) made significant contributions.
- Spread: Carried to Persia (Iran), where it was enhanced by Arabian physicians like Rhazes (850-925 CE) and Avicenna (980-1037 CE).
- Introduction in India: Introduced by the Arabs.
- Treatment Principles: Similar to Ayurveda, based on four elements, closely linked to the Ayurvedic Panchbhuta principle.
- Humours: Unani system believes in four humours (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile) that regulate body functions.
- Treatment Methods: Emphasizes a correct diet and diagnoses through pulse examination.
- Medicine: Uses natural sources like plants, animals, and minerals.
- Considerations: Emphasizes ecological balance and keeping water, food, and air pollution-free.
- Drug Formulations: Mostly polyherbal, focusing on their collective effects.
- Availability: Unani medicines are inexpensive, accessible, and considered effective with minimal side effects.
- Formulations: Powders, suspensions, syrups, distilled waters, and other forms.
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Description
Explore the diverse traditional medicinal practices of India, including Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Homeopathy, and Aromatherapy. Gain insights into the foundational principles and treatments, as well as the therapeutic properties of various plant substances. This quiz covers the origins and significance of these ancient practices.
