Introduction to ICT
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Which of the following best describes a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network?

  • A network exclusively used for large enterprises.
  • A network where all computers share their resources equally. (correct)
  • A type of network that usually connects more than fifty computers.
  • A network with a centralized server that controls resources.

    • In a Client-Server network, the server offers services such as software management and data processing.

    True

    What is a common use of a Personal Area Network (PAN)?

    Syncing data from a handheld device to a desktop computer.

    A __________ server is used to manage network traffic.

    <p>network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following network types with their characteristics:

    <p>Peer-to-Peer = Simple and inexpensive, connects less than ten computers Client-Server = Centralized control with one or more powerful servers Personal Area Network = Typically connects devices in close proximity Dedicated Server = Performs specific tasks such as file or print management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a device that can transmit data?

    <p>Modem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In simplex mode, data can flow in both directions simultaneously.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a receiving device in data communication?

    <p>To receive messages or data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A device that can either send or receive data is known as a ______.

    <p>half-duplex device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the data transmission modes with their descriptions:

    <p>Simplex mode = Data flows in one direction only Half-Duplex mode = Example: internet surfing Full-Duplex mode = Data flows in both directions simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes full-duplex mode?

    <p>Data can flow in both directions simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A fax machine can function as both a sending device and a receiving device.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The medium used to transmit data can either be a physical cable or a ______ connection.

    <p>wireless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the advantages of using a computer network?

    <p>Easy communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A personal area network (PAN) can connect devices over a distance of approximately 100 feet.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does LAN stand for?

    <p>Local Area Network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data transmission involves continuous electrical signals in the form of waves?

    <p>Analog data transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Digital signals provide high error rates compared to analog signals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A _______ is a network that connects devices in different cities and countries.

    <p>WAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of network to its key characteristic:

    <p>LAN = Covers a small area within a building WAN = Connects multiple LANs over large distances PAN = Connects personal devices within 30 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one medium commonly used for analog data transmission.

    <p>Telephone line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of computer networks?

    <p>Hardware management costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In synchronous transmission, data is sent in __________.

    <p>frames or blocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of data transmission with their characteristics:

    <p>Synchronous transmission = Data sent in frames or blocks Asynchronous transmission = Data sent character by character Digital data transmission = Data communicated in binary form Analog data transmission = Uses electrical signals as waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A wireless LAN uses physical cables to connect devices.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of asynchronous transmission?

    <p>Data transmitted character by character</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically the transmission speed range for LAN?

    <p>10 Mbps to 1000 Mbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    WANs connect computers often through ________ lines or satellites.

    <p>telephone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In digital data transmission, the data is represented in binary form.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of network is likely to be the most expensive to set up and maintain?

    <p>WAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are digital signals comprised of?

    <p>Electrical pulses of ON and OFF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In __________ transmission, large amounts of data can be sent quickly without gaps.

    <p>synchronous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does synchronous transmission have over asynchronous transmission?

    <p>Faster data transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of synchronous transmission over asynchronous transmission?

    <p>It is faster due to a shared common clock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asynchronous transmission is less complicated to design than synchronous transmission.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a computer network consist of?

    <p>Two or more computers connected to share information and resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ________ time is measured in a network to evaluate how long it takes for a message to travel from one device to another.

    <p>transit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following network criteria with their definitions:

    <p>Performance = Measured by transit and response time Reliability = Accuracy of data and frequency of failure Security = Protection of data from unauthorized access Cost-effectiveness = Comparison of design and implementation costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a computer network?

    <p>Two computers connected in an office</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Connected computers in a network must be in the same geographical location.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors determine the reliability of a network?

    <p>Accuracy of data, frequency of failure, and recovery time from failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asynchronous transmission is ________ because each character has its own start and stop bit.

    <p>slower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important aspect of network security?

    <p>Data recovery procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to ICT

    • ICT encompasses data communication, data transmission modes, forms and types of data transmission, computer networks, types of computer networks, network architecture, and wireless networks.

    Data Communication

    • Data communication is the electronic transfer of data from one location to another.
    • Key elements include the sending device, receiving device, communication device, and transmission medium.
    • Sending devices (sources) include computers, fax machines, and mobile phones.
    • Receiving devices (sinks) also include computers, fax machines, and mobile phones.
    • Communication devices, such as modems and network cards, facilitate message transmission between sending and receiving devices.
    • Transmission media can be physical cables or wireless connections.

    Data Transmission Modes

    • Data transmission mode defines how data is transmitted between points.
    • Three modes exist: simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex.
    • Simplex: Data flows in one direction only, like a one-way street (e.g., traditional television broadcast).
    • Half-duplex: Data flows in both directions, but only one way at a time (e.g., internet surfing).
    • Full-duplex: Data flows in both directions simultaneously, like a two-way street (e.g., telephone).

    Forms of Data Transmission

    • A signal is an electromagnetic or light wave used to transmit data.
    • Propagation of signals across a medium is known as signaling.
    • The process of transmitting data using signals is called transmission.
    • Two main forms of data transmission exist: digital and analog.
    • Digital Transmission: Data is represented as discrete binary values (0s and 1s) via electrical pulses. This method is faster, more efficient, and has lower error rates.
    • Analog Transmission: Data is represented by continuous electrical signals. Common media include telephone lines.

    Types of Data Transmission

    • Transmission can be either asynchronous or synchronous.
    • Asynchronous Transmission: Data is transmitted character by character, with gaps between characters. This is comparatively cheaper to implement.
    • Synchronous Transmission: Data is transmitted in blocks. This is significantly faster and more efficient due to the elimination of inter-character gaps.

    Synchronous vs Asynchronous Transmission

    • Synchronous Transmission uses a shared clock between sender and receiver, enabling simultaneous data transmission (fast transmission). It is costlier and complex to implement.
    • Asynchronous Transmission sends each character with its start and stop bits, creating gaps between characters (slower transmission). It is less expensive and comparatively easier to implement.

    Computer Networks

    • A computer network links two or more computers to share information and resources.
    • Networks can be local (LAN), wide-area (WAN), or personal-area (PAN).
    • Communication media include cables and wireless connections.
    • Computers in a network can be in the same room, building, or different locations.

    Computer Network Examples

    • An office's network facilitates information sharing, file exchange, and printing among people.
    • The internet is a large network uniting millions of computers through phone lines to share data, files, and communication.

    Computer Network: Network Criteria

    • Crucial network characteristics include performance, reliability, and security.
    • Performance: Measured by transit time (time to travel) and response time (time taken for a response).
    • Reliability: Evaluated through data accuracy, frequency of failure, and recovery time after failure.
    • Security: Refers to data protection from unauthorized access and damage and subsequent recovery procedures.

    Computer Network: Advantages

    • Shared information and resources
    • Cost savings
    • Easy communication
    • Shared internet access
    • Enhanced data security and management
    • Entertainment possibilities

    Computer Network: Disadvantages

    • High initial hardware/software costs
    • Continuous hardware/software management costs
    • Potential for undesirable sharing
    • Risks of illegal or undesirable behavior
    • Concerns about data security

    Types of Computer Networks

    • LAN (Local Area Network): Connects computers within a small area like an office or building for resource sharing.
    • WAN (Wide Area Network): Spans larger geographic areas (e.g., countries) using phone lines or satellites, connecting multiple LANs and encompassing a large number of users.
    • PAN (Personal Area Network): Connects personal devices within a limited area (approximately 30 feet). Wireless PANs are more common and use technologies like Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. Data transfer is within close proximity for personal devices.

    LAN vs. WAN

    Feature LAN WAN
    Scope Limited (single office, building) Extensive (cities, countries, continents)
    Bandwidth High Low
    Ownership Typically private Public or distributed
    Speed 10-1000 Mbps 56Kbps - 50 Mbps
    Cost Lower Higher

    Network Architecture

    • Network architecture defines how computers communicate and are arranged within the network.
    • There are multiple possible architectures, but two common types are peer-to-peer (P2P) and client-server.
    • Peer-to-Peer (P2P): Simple, inexpensive networks connecting fewer than ten computers. Each computer stores files and shares information with other computers in the network. Data transfers among all connected devices, and each is a 'peer' with equal access.
    • Client-Server: Networks where one or more computers act as servers, offering services to other client computers in the network. Servers have greater computational power and storage capacity than client computers.

    Wireless Networks

    • Wireless networks can be classified as fixed or mobile.
    • Fixed Wireless Systems: The computing equipment has limited mobility.
    • Mobile Wireless Systems: The equipment (such as smartphones) and users have considerable freedom to move within the network. The equipment readily transfers resources and information. Typically, these operate over wireless technologies like Bluetooth or Wi-fi.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), including data communication, transmission modes, and computer networks. It explores the key elements involved in data transfer, types of networks, and the role of communication devices. Perfect for anyone looking to understand the basics of ICT.

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