Introduction to Hybrid and Electric Vehicles: Basic Architecture of Hybrid Drive Trains and Series Drive Train

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What is the definition of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)?

A vehicle with at least two sources of power, with one source provided by an electric motor and the other typically coming from an internal combustion engine.

According to the International Electrotechnical Commission, what is the specific requirement for a vehicle to be classified as an HEV?

The vehicle must have propulsion energy available from two or more types of energy sources, with at least one of them capable of delivering electrical energy.

What does the term 'hybrid vehicle' refer to?

A vehicle with at least two sources of power.

What is the main difference between a hybrid vehicle and a hybrid-electric vehicle?

A hybrid vehicle refers to a vehicle with two or more power sources, while a hybrid-electric vehicle specifically indicates that one source of power is provided by an electric motor. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the term 'hybrid' in the context of hybrid vehicles?

It signifies the combination of at least two different power sources. Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy saving potential associated with hybrid drive trains?

Hybrid drive trains have the potential to save energy compared to conventional vehicles. Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of HEVs mentioned in the text?

gasoline ICE and battery, diesel ICE and battery, battery and FC, battery and capacitor, battery and flywheel, battery and battery hybrids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the electric motor in a HEV?

To improve energy efficiency (fuel consumption) and vehicular emissions. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main resistive forces that a vehicle must overcome to maintain movement?

aerodynamic drag, rolling resistance, resistive gravity forces Signup and view all the answers

How is most of the energy expended during acceleration lost in conventional vehicles?

Most of the energy expended in acceleration is then lost as heat in the brakes when the vehicle is brought to a stop. Signup and view all the answers

What are the accessories for which a vehicle must provide power?

heating fan, lights, power steering, air conditioning Signup and view all the answers

Why is it impossible for conventional engine-driven vehicles to reach the theoretical efficiency limit?

Heat is lost through cylinder walls before it can do work, fuel is burned at less than the highest possible pressure, fuel is also burned while the engine is experiencing negative load or when the vehicle is coasting or at a stop, with the engine idling. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the wasted heat in conventional engine-driven vehicles?

Much of the heat generated by combustion cannot be used for work and is wasted. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common combination providing the propulsion force in HEVs?

Electric motor and an ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) Signup and view all the answers

What is the breakdown of energy use in a vehicle according to the text?

Overcoming resistive forces, accelerating, providing power for accessories, delivering power for acceleration with very little delay Signup and view all the answers

In conventional engine-driven vehicles, what is the primary purpose of the engine?

To translate fuel energy into shaft power, directing most of this power through the drivetrain to turn the wheels. Signup and view all the answers

Introduction to Hybrid and Electric Vehicles: Basic Architecture of Hybrid Drive Trains and Series Drive Train

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