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According to Plato, what does art imitate?
Immanuel Kant believed that beauty is solely an objective experience.
False
What term describes a person skilled in a trade that involves making things by hand?
Artisan
The art form of __________ involves decoration of a surface with various colored small pieces of material.
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Match the following art forms with their definitions:
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Which philosopher considered art as imitation or representation of nature?
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The physical needs for functional objects is not considered a function of art.
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Name one of the two kinds of aesthetic responses described by Immanuel Kant.
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What does the Latin word 'humanus' refer to in the study of humanities?
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Human nature is inherently bad, according to the fundamental principles of humanities.
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Name one function of art.
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The constituent elements of art include sound, colors, lines, movements, words, stone, and ____.
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Match the following fundamental principles of humanities with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT a fundamental principle of the humanities?
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Self-concept plays an unimportant role in growth and development.
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Functional art forms improve the quality of man’s _____ life.
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What is the primary purpose of sculpture?
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Literature includes only poetry and novels.
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What three elements should music express?
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The art of body movements in rhythm with music is known as ______.
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Match the following art forms with their descriptions:
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Which medium is NOT commonly used in sculpture?
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Appreciating art involves analyzing an artwork to determine its historical context.
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Name one important factor in judging whether an artwork is good or bad.
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Study Notes
Why study Humanities?
- Humanities studies human nature and conduct from the beginning of time until now.
- Humanities means “human, cultured, and refined” in Latin.
Fundamental Principles of Humanities
- Human nature is inherently good.
- Individuals are free and are capable of making choices.
- Human potential for growth and development is virtually unlimited.
- Self-concept plays an important role in growth and development.
- Individuals have an urge for self-actualization.
- Reality is defined by each person.
- Individuals have a responsibility to both themselves and to others.
Nature of Arts
- Arts are the skillful arrangement or composition of significant aspects of nature.
- The word “ar” in Aryan means “to join, to put together.”
- The Latin word “sars, artis” means “everything that is artificially made or composed by man.”
Functions of Art
- All art forms serve a purpose.
- Some art forms are functional and make life better. These include architecture, furniture, and clothing.
- Non-functional art forms serve purposes beyond basic survival. These include sculpture, painting, and theater.
- All art forms serve the following functions:
- The human need for expression
- The social need for display, celebration, and communication
- The physical need for functional objects
Art: As Viewed by Philosophy
- Aesthetics is the philosophical study of beauty and taste.
- Aristotle believed art is an imitation or representation of nature.
- Plato believed art is an imitation of physical things, which are in turn imitations of perfect, rational, eternal and changeless originals called Forms or Ideas. He believed that art is dangerous, especially in its imitations of the real world.
- Plato had two ideas about art:
- Art imitates life
- Art is dangerous
- Immanuel Kant believed beauty is a matter of taste.
- Taste is how people respond to objects.
- Taste can be subjective and universal.
- Subjective focus is on the pleasure one experiences when responding to an object.
- Universal taste doesn’t consider the beauty of the work, or the mastery of the artist. The artwork is appreciated for what it is.
- Kant described two kinds of aesthetic responses:
- Beauty results in pleasure if there is order, harmony, and symmetry.
- Beauty leads to a response of awe that overwhelms the viewers of the art.
Artists and Artisans
- An artisan is a person who is in a skilled trade that involves making things by hand.
- Examples of artisans include woodcarvers, ceramic makers, and basket weavers.
- An artist is a person who exhibits exceptional skills in the visual and/or performing arts.
- Examples of artists include Michelangelo and Fernando Amorsolo.
The Arts Forms
- The arts forms can be categorized into the following:
- Visual Arts
- Timed / Auditory Arts
- Performing / Combined Arts
Visual Arts
- Visual arts are divided into 2D or Graphic Arts and 3D or Plastic Arts.
2D or Graphic Arts
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Drawing is the fundamental skill needed in the visual arts.
- Drawing is the application of dry media to a surface.
- Painting is the application of wet media to a surface.
- Mosaic is the decoration of a surface with designs made up of close-set, small pieces of material, usually of varying colors.
- Collage is the technique of pasting paper cut-outs onto various surfaces.
- Printmaking is a process used for making reproductions of graphic works.
3D or Plastic Arts
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Sculpture is the creation of a solid form using molding, carving, welding, casting, and assembling.
- Common media for sculptures include clay, wood, stone, metal, ice, glass, and plastic.
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Architecture is the most functional of all art forms.
- Architecture involves creating designs for buildings and infrastructures.
Timed / Auditory Arts
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Literature is the art of using words to express thoughts, ideas, and feelings.
- Literature takes the form of poetry, novels, short stories, essays, epics, legends, etc…
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Music is the art of sound expressed through song, music instruments, or a combination of both.
- Music should express rhythm, harmony, and melody that is soothing or appeals to the state of its audience.
Performing / Combined Arts
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Dance is the art of using body movements that are tuned to a musical piece.
- The body movements should be graceful and in rhythm with the accompanying musical piece.
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Theater is the performance of a drama.
- Actors perform on stage in front of a live audience. Dialogues may be recited, sung, or eliminated (pantomimes).
- Cinema is a series of images that are projected onto a screen to create the illusion of motion.
Appreciating the Arts
- Analyze the artwork in terms of what the artist wants their work to represent and your subjective reaction to the works, including your thoughts and feelings.
- Judge the artwork based on your perception of it and its aesthetic and cultural value.
- Perceive the artwork in the context of its history.
- Give a good description of the artwork based on your knowledge of art elements and materials.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of Humanities, including human nature, personal growth, and the significance of art. This quiz delves into the key principles that define human experience and artistic expression. Test your knowledge on the vital roles that both Humanities and Arts play in understanding our world.
