Questions and Answers
What is the main goal of inclusive design?
To make users feel included and to ensure the product's UX considers a diverse group of users.
Which of the following are common types of user interfaces?
Inclusive design involves intentionally including the needs of users in product design.
True
_______ interfaces detect the user's touch presence and location on the display.
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Match the following user interface with their description:
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What is the definition of HCI?
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What was HCI's original focus on?
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HCI emerged as more people desired complex ways of interacting with computers.
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Define User Experience (UX) in relation to HCI.
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Usability replaced the term 'user-friendly' in the early ____s.
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Match the following HCI aspects from past and present:
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What is the focus of accessible design?
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What are the types of disabilities mentioned?
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Accessible design is one of the aspects of inclusive design.
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Which company's 'Switch Control' feature caters to individuals with limited mobility?
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Give an example of an accessibility feature built into Apple's products.
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Match the following areas of disabilities with the corresponding types:
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Study Notes
Introduction to HCI
- HCI (Human-Computer Interaction) is a multidisciplinary field that combines computer science, cognitive science, and human factors engineering.
- HCI's original home is computer science, but it has expanded to include other fields.
HCI, ID, Usability, and UX
- HCI, ID (Interaction Design), and UX (User Experience) are often used interchangeably, but they are not the same.
- HCI focuses on the design, evaluation, and implementation of interactive systems for human use.
- ID concerns the theory, research, and practice of designing user experiences for all technologies.
- UX is how a user feels when interacting with a product.
The Importance of HCI
- Poorly designed interfaces can lead to user frustration, dissatisfaction, and loss of productivity.
- HCI is crucial for ensuring the safety and efficiency of computer systems, especially in critical areas like healthcare and transportation.
- Effective HCI design can improve user experience, increase productivity, and enhance overall well-being.
Types of User Interfaces
- Command-line interface
- Graphical user interface (GUI)
- Multimedia
- Virtual reality
- Website
- Mobile devices
- Appliances
- Voice user interfaces
- Pen-based interfaces
- Touchscreens
- Augmented reality
- Wearables
- Robots and drones
- Brain-computer interface
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
- Consists of basic building blocks: Windows, icons, menus, and pointing devices.
- WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointing devices) Interface Paradigm.
- Example: Microsoft Windows 95.
Considerations
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HCI is important for designing user-centered systems that are safe, efficient, and easy to use.
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Effective HCI design requires consideration of various factors, including user needs, cognitive load, and accessibility.
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HCI is a crucial aspect of designing systems that are usable, efficient, and enjoyable to use.### Introduction to HCI
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HCI (Human-Computer Interaction) designs systems that are safe, usable, and efficient for all users
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The core philosophy of HCI is to provide inclusive and accessible systems to everyone
Types of User Interfaces
- Command-line interface: requires users to type commands using keyboards
- Multimedia interface: combines different media within a single interface (graphics, text, video, sound, animation, etc.)
- Website interface: interfaces of pages viewed on the World Wide Web
- Virtual Reality Interface: immerses users in an artificial environment
- Appliances interface: interfaces of devices such as refrigerators and washing machines
- Voice user interface: uses voice commands to interact with devices
- Mobile devices interface: interfaces of handheld devices used when on the move
- Touchscreen interface: detects user's touch presence and location on the display
- Pen-based interface: uses a stylus or light pen to interact with the device
- Gesture-based systems interface: requires users to move arms and hands to communicate
- Haptic interface: uses vibration and force to provide tactile feedback
- Shareable interface: designed for more than one user
- Tangible interface: uses sensor-based interaction where physical objects are coupled with digital interactions
- Multimodal interface: uses different modalities (touch, sight, sound, speech) to enrich user experiences
- Brain computer interface: provides a communication pathway between a person's brain waves and another device
- Robots and drones interface: interfaces of programmable machines and unmanned aerial vehicles
- Smart building user interface: interfaces of smart buildings
- Augmented reality interface: interfaces with virtual representations superimposed on physical devices and objects
- Wearables interface: interfaces of devices that are worn on the body
- Natural user interfaces: enables people to interact with computers in the same way they interact with the physical world
Inclusive Design
- Inclusive design takes into consideration the full range of human diversity with respect to forms of human differences (ability, language, culture, gender, age, etc.)
- The goal of inclusive design is to make users feel included and to ensure the product's UX takes into consideration a diverse group of users
- Inclusive design intentionally includes the needs of users in the product design to meet user requirements and respect the needs and expectations of the diverse range of users
Considerations in Inclusive Design
- Abilities/disabilities
- Computer literacy and skills
- Income/economic situation
- Education
- Geographic location
- Culture and religion
- Age
- Language
- Gender
- Access
Accessible Design
- Focuses on the different levels of users' abilities and minimizes the barriers so that products can be accessed and used by users with disabilities
- Accessible design is one of the many aspects of inclusive design
- Examples:
- Apple's Live Transcribe, which automatically converts speech into text in real-time, aiding users with hearing impairments during conversations
- Google's Live Transcribe, which automatically converts speech into text in real-time, aiding users with hearing impairments during conversations
Types of Disabilities
- Permanent, situational, or temporary disabilities
- Mental or physical disabilities
- Example: Apple's "Switch Control" feature, enabling individuals with limited mobility to interact with their devices using switch-access hardware, catering to both permanent and situational disabilities
Accessible Design Examples
- Apple Accessibility Support: built-in accessibility features for users with vision, hearing, mobility, and learning disabilities
- Android Accessibility Suite: includes screen reader, display, interaction controls, Braille display, and audio and on-screen text options
Cultural Differences
- Taking into consideration the cultures of the users includes ensuring products are either universally accepted by people from all parts of the world or accepted by the target user group
- Examples:
- Date and time formats (e.g., 1/9/2019 vs. 9/1/2019)
- Alphabet system (reading from left to right, or right to left)
- Colour or icon representations
Specific Users
- Senior citizens/the elderly
- Children (child computing interaction)
- Children with special needs
- People of specific demographics (e.g., rural vs. urban users)
- New/casual users vs. expert/power users
- Occupation
- Athletes
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Description
Explore the basics of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), including its importance, types of user interfaces, and considerations. Learn about HCI, ID, usability, and UX.
