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Questions and Answers
What does the term 'biology' mean and what aspects does it cover?
What does the term 'biology' mean and what aspects does it cover?
Biology means 'the science of life' and it covers the study of living organisms, including their morphology, physiology, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.
Identify and explain two fundamental axioms of modern biology.
Identify and explain two fundamental axioms of modern biology.
Two fundamental axioms are that cells are the basic unit of life and genes are the basic unit of heredity.
Describe the organization of the human body from the smallest to the largest level.
Describe the organization of the human body from the smallest to the largest level.
The organization of the human body starts from atoms, progressing to molecules, cells, tissues, organs, and finally to systems and the entire organism.
What is the significance of the ability of living organisms to regulate their internal environment?
What is the significance of the ability of living organisms to regulate their internal environment?
How do living organisms demonstrate their evolutionary history?
How do living organisms demonstrate their evolutionary history?
What is the basic unit of life according to cell theory?
What is the basic unit of life according to cell theory?
How do atoms relate to the formation of molecules?
How do atoms relate to the formation of molecules?
What hierarchical structure follows the combination of molecules?
What hierarchical structure follows the combination of molecules?
Who was the first to discover cells and what was his main contribution?
Who was the first to discover cells and what was his main contribution?
What elements are the human body primarily composed of?
What elements are the human body primarily composed of?
What role do specialized cells play in the human body?
What role do specialized cells play in the human body?
How do cells relate to tissues in biological organization?
How do cells relate to tissues in biological organization?
What is the highest level of biological organization mentioned in the text?
What is the highest level of biological organization mentioned in the text?
Flashcards
Biology
Biology
The branch of science that studies living organisms and their interactions with the environment. It encompasses various aspects like structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of life forms.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis
The maintenance of a stable internal environment in living organisms, despite changes in external conditions.
Cell
Cell
The smallest unit of life, capable of independent existence and carrying out all life functions.
Reproduction
Reproduction
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Levels of Organization
Levels of Organization
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Tissue
Tissue
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Organ
Organ
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Organ system
Organ system
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Organism
Organism
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Population
Population
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Community
Community
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Ecosystem
Ecosystem
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Study Notes
Introduction to Human Biology
- Biology is the science of life, derived from Greek words "bios" (life) and "logos" (study).
- Biology studies living organisms in all aspects, including morphology, physiology, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.
- Human biology specifically studies human anatomy and physiology, encompassing aspects like growth, nutrition, reproduction, respiration, digestion, excretion, and secretion.
Characteristics of Life
- Living organisms are organized from atoms to biospheres.
- They consume and transform energy from the environment.
- They maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis).
- They respond to internal and external stimuli.
- They reproduce and grow.
- They evolve over time.
- Fundamental axioms of modern biology: Cells are the basic unit, new species and traits are products of evolution, and genes are the units of heredity.
Organization of Living Things
- Living things are organized in a hierarchical structure, starting with atoms forming molecules, which combine to form cells.
- Cells form tissues, tissues form organs, organs form organ systems, organ systems form organisms, organisms form populations that make up communities.
- Communities, combined with the physical environment, constitute ecosystems; and together, ecosystems form the biosphere.
The Cell Theory
- The cell is the fundamental unit of life.
- All living things are composed of one or more cells or their secreted products.
- The cell theory was developed in the 17th century by Robert Hooke.
Elements of Life
- The human body is composed of elements like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
- Cells are the basic units of structure and function in the human body, carrying out vital life processes for survival.
- Cells within the body can be specialized like nerve cells with long projections for transmitting messages, or muscle cells abundant with mitochondria to generate energy for movement.
Unifying Themes in Biology
- Organization, Information, Energy and Matter, Interactions, and Evolution are the five unifying themes of biology.
Humans in the Biological World
- Humans belong to Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, Order Primates, Family Hominidae, Genus Homo, and Species sapiens.
- Classifications are also provided for a house cat. Various organisms, including algae, protozoa, fungi, and plants, are categorized as well.
Distinguishing Human Characteristics
- Cultural heritage/behavior patterns.
- Highly developed brains.
- Upright stance.
- Creative language skills.
- Varied tool use.
- Modification of the environment (potentially threatening the biosphere).
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