Introduction to Human Behaviour
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Introduction to Human Behaviour

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Questions and Answers

What best describes molecular behavior?

  • Behavior that is planned and thought out
  • Behavior that occurs without conscious thought (correct)
  • Behavior that follows established rules
  • Behavior that is observed through physiological changes

    • Which of the following is an example of covert behavior?

  • Laughing
  • Running
  • Eating
  • Thinking (correct)

    • Involuntary behavior can be best defined as:

  • Behavior influenced by external stimuli only
  • Behavior that requires active decision-making
  • Behavior that occurs naturally without conscious thought (correct)
  • Behavior that is planned to achieve specific outcomes

    • What is a characteristic of formal behavior?

    <p>It follows laid down principles and guidelines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior exemplifies overt behavior?

    <p>Writing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Moral behavior is characterized by:

    <p>A conscious decision-making process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes conscious behavior?

    <p>Behavior performed with awareness of stimuli or events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes voluntary behavior from involuntary behavior?

    <p>Voluntary behavior requires conscious decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes genetically inherited behavior from socially acquired behavior?

    <p>Genetically inherited behavior is passed down through generations via genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of socially acquired behavior?

    <p>A preference for a specific type of food due to cultural influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair correctly categorizes types of human behavior?

    <p>Voluntary and Involuntary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor most influences an individual's behavior according to the content?

    <p>The nature of the individual and the situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following behaviors is considered involuntary?

    <p>Reflexive response to a loud noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of overt behavior?

    <p>Actions that are observable by others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes moral behavior?

    <p>Actions based on societal norms and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of behavior can be classified as both internal and external?

    <p>Socially acquired behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a person inhales an irritating stimulus like dust or pepper?

    <p>The person may sneeze involuntarily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes innate behavior?

    <p>Behavior that is inborn and occurs without experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are reflex behaviors characterized?

    <p>They occur as immediate responses to stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines classical conditioning?

    <p>It associates an unconditioned stimulus with a neutral stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an unconditioned stimulus?

    <p>A cold breeze that makes one shiver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a conditioned response?

    <p>A learned response resulting from conditioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which creature predominantly relies on innate behavior due to a lack of developed nervous systems?

    <p>A fish.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a neutral stimulus in classical conditioning?

    <p>It may trigger a response only when paired with an unconditioned stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of involuntary behavior?

    <p>An individual yelling after a sudden sharp pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes unconscious behavior?

    <p>Body language exhibited without awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes normal behavior from abnormal behavior?

    <p>Normal behavior conforms to societal norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of behavior is explicitly expressed through language?

    <p>Verbal behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serves as a stimulus in behavioral responses?

    <p>A sudden loud noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior is both voluntary and controlled?

    <p>Participating in a hobby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about reflex behavior?

    <p>It is automatic and occurs without awareness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reflects innate behavior in humans?

    <p>Responsive actions to environmental changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are potential influences on behavior as noted in the provided content?

    <p>Cultural background and physical environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a personal factor influencing behavior?

    <p>Local culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does behavior demonstrate stability?

    <p>Certain behaviors remain consistent over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one definition of health according to the World Health Organization?

    <p>State of complete well-being including physical, psychological, and social aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does health behavior involve according to the content?

    <p>Activities aimed at preventing or detecting disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is considered emotional when influencing behavior?

    <p>Expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the integrated nature of human behavior?

    <p>Combination of individual behaviors leads to stability and uniqueness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Illness can be described as which of the following?

    <p>A personal experience of unhealth that may not always include disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Human Behaviour

    • Human behaviour is any activity a living organism manifests consciously or unconsciously.
    • It's the action or reaction of a person responding to external or internal stimuli.
    • Behaviour can be inborn, acquired, positive, negative, normal, abnormal, internal or external.
    • Behaviour is influenced by individual nature and situation.
    • It ranges from simple activities like sleeping to complex ones like acquiring new skills.
    • Behaviour can be genetically inherited or socially acquired.

    Genetically Inherited Behaviour

    • These behaviours are transferred from parents to offspring through genes.
    • Examples include pronunciation of words, stammering, kleptomania, anxiousness, and high/low intelligence quotient.
    • There is a higher tendency of twin births for individuals whose parents are twins.

    Socially Acquired Behaviour

    • These behaviours are acquired through interaction with people of different socio-cultural groups and backgrounds.
    • Examples include language skills, mode of dressing, choice of food, and unwanted habits.

    Classification of Human Behaviour

    Molecular and Moral Behaviour

    • Molecular Behaviour: Unexpected behaviour that occurs without thinking, like closing eyes when something is about to enter them.
    • Moral Behaviour: Behaviour that occurs after a thinking process, like changing lifestyle after witnessing something harmful.

    Overt and Covert Behaviour

    • Overt Behaviour: Activities observed directly, like walking, running, laughing, crying, eating, cooking, reading.
    • Covert Behaviour: Internal physiological processes that cannot be seen directly, like thinking, dreaming, heartbeat, changes in pulse rate and blood pressure, digestion, feeling hunger.

    Voluntary and Involuntary Behaviour

    • Voluntary Behaviour: Behaviour dependent on human want, like walking, speaking, and writing.
    • Involuntary Behaviour: Behaviour that occurs naturally without thinking, like breathing.

    Formal and Informal Behaviour

    • Formal Behaviour: Follows certain laid down principles to achieve a goal, like behaviour at learning or working situations.
    • Informal Behaviour: Casual behaviour, like street fighting or joking with playmates.

    Conscious and Unconscious

    • Conscious: Being aware of a stimulus, like a hungry or sick person being aware of their needs and acting accordingly.
    • Unconscious: Being unaware of a stimulus, like an anxious person exhibiting behaviours like foot tapping or sweating without realizing.

    Verbal and Non-verbal

    • Verbal: Behaviour involving language to express feelings, like talking to express emotions or explain needs.
    • Non-verbal: Behaviour expressed through body language and facial gestures.

    Normal and Abnormal

    • Normal Behaviour: Activities conforming to society's norms, like a child bed-wetting at a certain age.
    • Abnormal Behaviour: Activities that deviate from the norm, like an adult bed-wetting.

    Principles Guiding Human Behaviour

    Stimulus and Response

    • A stimulus is any phenomenon/event that influences a living organism's internal or external environment, like chemicals, heat, light, pressure, and gravity.
    • All creatures respond automatically to stimuli, like sneezing when inhaling dust or pepper.

    Innate and Learned Behaviour

    • Innate behaviour is present and complete without experience, like spontaneous smiling in babies.
    • Lower animals rely on innate behaviour, while higher animals use both innate and learned behaviour.

    Reflex Behaviour

    • These behaviours are direct responses to stimuli, like salivating at the sight of food.
    • These involuntary responses form the basis for classical conditioning.

    Classical Conditioning

    • This is a type of unconscious learning that associates a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to create a conditioned response.
    • Unconditioned Stimulus: Leads to an automatic response, like a cold breeze making one shiver.
    • Neutral Stimulus: Does not initially trigger a response, like a dog.
    • Conditioned Stimulus: Previously neutral stimulus that now triggers a response, like a dog bite making one fear dogs.
    • Unconditioned Response: Automatic response to an unconditioned stimulus, like salivating when smelling food.
    • Conditioned Response: Learned response to a conditioned stimulus, like fearing dogs after being bitten.

    Characteristics of Human Behaviour

    Behaviour is Adaptable

    • Behaviour changes to meet new demands and adapts to environmental changes.

    Behaviour is Influenced

    • Behaviour is shaped by experience, physical factors, personality, beliefs, emotions, and mental health.

    Behaviour Shows Stability

    • While behaviour changes, there is also stability. It doesn't change with every environmental change.

    Behaviour is Integrated

    • Individual behaviours combine into a whole to allow for coordination, consistency, stability, and uniqueness.
    • Behaviour is driven by physiological, psychological, personal, and social purposes.

    Concept of Health and Illness

    • Health: A state of complete physical, psychological, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity.
    • Illness: An unhealthy condition of the body or mind, often accompanied by disease.
    • Health Behaviour: Actions taken to prevent disease or detect it in an asymptomatic stage.
    • Health behaviour encompasses actions by individuals, groups, and organizations, including social change, policy development, improved coping skills, and enhanced quality of life.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating aspects of human behaviour, including both genetically inherited and socially acquired traits. This quiz delves into how our actions and reactions are influenced by internal and external factors. Test your knowledge on the complexities of behavioural patterns and their origins.

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