Introduction to HTML and Web Development

Introduction to HTML

• HTML is the standard markup language used for web pages and applications
• HTML5 is the newest version, adding new elements for more advanced website functions
• CSS is used to enhance the presentation of documents
• CSS3 adds flexbox, which is used to organize page elements, and grid layout to enhance page design
• JavaScript provides interactivity on a webpage
• The latest version is ECMAScript, referred to as ES6
• ES6 introduced numerous new features
• HTTP/HTTPS is used to transmit data over the web, HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP
• The DOM provides a programming interface for web documents
• The DOM enables programs to modify the structure, style, and content of a document
• XML is used to encode documents

Basic Principles in Developing a Website

• Websites should have a clear purpose and identify the goals it aims to achieve
• Websites should be user centered and designed for usability with intuitive navigation
• Websites should be designed with adaptive layouts for a range of devices
• Website optimization minimizes file size for HTML, CSS, Javascript, and images to improve page load time
• Caching is used to enhance page speed
• Content delivery networks are used to improve page speed
• Navigation should be logical and organized to improve site usability
• Websites should be aesthetically appealing and reflect the brand identity
• Websites should incorporate security measures to protect user data and transactional information
• Ensure security with the use of SSL certificates, encryption, and secure authentication
• Conduct testing across a range of browsers, devices, and user scenarios

Planning Process

• Thorough examination of design mockups and wireframes to understand visual preferences
• Organization of CSS files into a clear folder structure to improve management
• The choice of CSS methodology should be based on the complexity and team structure
• Use a CSS reset or normalize stylesheet for a consistent look across browsers
• Individual styling of components should prioritize reusability and encapsulation

Five Golden Rules of Web Design

• Websites should be designed for ease of use, enabling users to find information easily
• Websites should be accessible to all users including those with disabilities
• Use of grid-based layouts to ensure content is organized
• Emphasis on using size, colors, and placement to draw attention
• Websites should be responsive on a variety of devices
• Optimize for finger taps and touch interactions

Designing a Navigation Bar

• Create navigation bars using a list of links using the
  and
  • elements
  • Design a clear visual hierarchy to draw attention to the most important elements

  Page Design

  • Navigation elements include 'Home', 'About', 'Blog', and 'Contact'
  • A sidebar can be used to include links, ads, or other relevant information

  Home Page Layout

  • No information provided

  Design Concepts

  • Define the purpose and goals of the website
  • Identify the target audience and conduct research to understand preferences and requirements
  • Create content strategies that include a content inventory, content hierarchy, and SEO considerations

  Brief History of the Internet

  • The internet originated in the 1960s
  • The 1970s saw major developments in internet expansion
  • The 1980s involved standardization and growth of the internet
  • The 1990s saw the introduction of the World Wide Web and commercialization
  • The 2000s ushered in broadband internet and social media
  • The most recent decade has seen mobile internet and the Internet of Things (IoT)

  What is the World Wide Web?

  • The World Wide Web is about communication between internet clients and servers
  • Clients are typically web browsers, but can be any type of program or device
  • Servers are usually computers hosted in the cloud

  Why Create a Website?

  • It establishes an online presence and visibility for a business
  • It enhances credibility and promotes professionalism
  • It is valuable for marketing and for promoting products or services
  • Websites can share important information and resources
  • Websites can be useful for customer interaction and engaging customers
  • Websites can generate sales and revenue
  • Websites are a cost-effective marketing strategy

  Web Standards

  • HTML is the foundation for every webpage
  • CSS style sheets add style and enhance the presentation of a document
  • JavaScript is used to create interactivity and enhance user interaction
  • HTTP is the protocol used for transmitting data, HTTPS is the secure version
  • The Document Object Model (DOM) is a programming interface and enables programs to change the document structure and content
  • XML is used for encoding documents.

  Audience Requirement

  • Identify the target audience and evaluate their demographics and preferences
  • Conduct audience research with surveys and questionnaires
  • Create user personas that represent different segments of your audience
  • User personas help in defining user journeys
  • User journeys are a sequence of steps that a user takes during a complete interaction with the company