60 Questions
What is the optimal temperature range for human enzymes to operate efficiently?
35°C - 40°C
Why is it crucial to maintain blood glucose levels within a tight range?
To provide a steady supply of energy
Which of the following conditions can result from high concentrations of carbon dioxide?
Acidosis
What is the primary role of hormones like insulin and glucagon in regulating blood glucose levels?
Facilitating glucose uptake by cells
Which body system plays a crucial role in expelling excess carbon dioxide to maintain acid-base balance?
Respiratory system
What type of feedback loop is most common in homeostatic regulation?
Negative feedback loops
What happens if body temperature rises above the optimal range?
Sweating and vasodilation are activated
Which of the following mechanisms helps maintain the balance between water and electrolytes in the body?
Thirst response
Which event is typically associated with positive feedback loops?
Childbirth
What conditions can arise from disruptions in homeostasis?
Diabetes and hypertension
What does homeostasis represent in biology and medicine?
The ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment
Which term describes the mechanisms that detect and respond to deviations in physiological conditions?
Homeostasis
What provides the stable conditions required for efficient cellular function?
Constant internal environment
What primarily refers to the fluid that bathes cells in the internal environment?
Tissue fluid
Who famously described the internal environment as 'milieu intérieur'?
Claude Bernard
Which of the following is NOT a variable that homeostasis helps regulate?
Hair color
What does tissue fluid supply to cells in the internal environment?
Nutrients
Which type of organisms benefit significantly from homeostasis?
Complex multicellular organisms like humans
What plays a crucial role in ensuring variables like pH remain within strict limits?
'Feedback loops and regulatory processes'
'Milieu intérieur' refers to the _______?
'Internal environment'
What is the primary energy source for cells in the human body?
Glucose
Which of the following conditions can result from disruptions in homeostasis?
Hypertension
How do negative feedback loops contribute to homeostasis?
By countering changes in physiological parameters
Which of the following is responsible for maintaining the balance between water and electrolytes in the body?
Thirst response
What happens if blood glucose levels fall below the tight range required for cellular energy supply?
Triggering the release of glucose from energy stores
Which system plays a crucial role in expelling excess carbon dioxide to maintain acid-base balance?
Respiratory system
Why is it important to regulate carbon dioxide levels in the body?
To avoid acidosis and disruptions in enzyme activity
How do positive feedback loops differ from negative feedback loops in homeostasis?
Positive feedback loops amplify responses and are associated with rapid outcomes.
What role do hormones like insulin and glucagon play in regulating blood glucose levels?
Facilitating glucose uptake or release from energy stores
What is the optimal temperature range for human enzymes to operate efficiently?
37°C (98.6°F)
What term describes the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changing external conditions?
Homeostasis
Which of the following is crucial for the optimal functioning of cells, tissues, and organs in complex multicellular organisms?
Precise regulation of the internal environment
What do feedback loops and regulatory processes primarily aim to ensure in homeostasis?
Stable internal environment
Which fluid primarily supplies nutrients and removes waste products from the cellular environment?
Tissue fluid
In homeostasis, what must remain relatively constant for cells to function effectively?
Composition of tissue fluid
Who is famously credited with describing the internal environment as 'milieu intérieur'?
Claude Bernard
Which of the following mechanisms is essential for detecting and responding to deviations in physiological conditions?
Nervous system
What is the primary role of tissue fluid in maintaining cellular function?
Supplying nutrients to cells and removing waste
What happens if there is a failure in maintaining the stability of the internal environment for cells?
Cellular processes become inefficient or dysfunctional.
Which term refers to the dynamic mechanisms that ensure physiological conditions remain within a set 'normal' range?
Homeostasis
What is the primary function of negative feedback loops in homeostasis?
To maintain internal stability by counteracting changes
How do temperature fluctuations beyond the optimal range affect enzyme function?
Impair enzyme function
In the context of homeostasis, what is the role of sweating and shivering in maintaining internal temperature?
Regulate internal temperature
What is the consequence of high concentrations of carbon dioxide in the blood?
Acidosis due to excessive acidity
Which pair of hormones plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels?
Insulin and glucagon
Why is it essential to maintain a balance between water and electrolytes in the body?
For efficient nerve impulse transmission
What is the significance of positive feedback loops in physiological processes?
To amplify responses quickly
How do hormones like insulin and glucagon contribute to cellular energy regulation?
By increasing blood glucose levels
Which of the following physiological mechanisms helps the body expel excess carbon dioxide?
Respiratory system
What is the primary function of sweating and shivering in maintaining internal temperature?
Regulate internal temperature
Which term describes the fluid that bathes cells in the internal environment?
Tissue fluid
What is the main function of feedback loops and regulatory processes in homeostasis?
Ensure strict limits of physiological variables
What is the 'milieu intérieur' famously described by Claude Bernard in the context of homeostasis?
Tissue fluid
What happens if the composition of tissue fluid deviates significantly from its normal range?
Cells lose their efficiency
Why is it crucial for living organisms to have mechanisms like homeostasis?
To maintain a stable internal environment
What is the primary source of tissue fluid that bathes cells?
Blood plasma
Why is maintaining the composition of tissue fluid crucial for cellular function?
To ensure optimal cell function by providing stable conditions
What term best describes the process through which cells maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes?
Homeostasis
In the context of homeostasis, what refers to the stable conditions required for efficient cellular function?
Physiological balance
Why is the 'milieu intérieur' essential for complex multicellular organisms like humans?
To enable optimal cell, tissue, and organ function
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