Introduction to History

Questions and Answers

What does the Greek word historia mean?

To predict future events

To document facts

To entertain

To inquire knowledge through investigation (correct)

Who is known as the 'father of history'?

Thucydides

Plato

Herodotus (correct)

Socrates

What is the title of Herodotus' first book?

The Chronicles

The Records

The Histories (correct)

The Accounts

Which ancient regions are covered in Herodotus' writings?

Greece, Asia, and Africa Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of linguistic studies?

How languages are structured, learned, and change over time Signup and view all the answers

In what century did modern linguistics begin to develop?

18th century Signup and view all the answers

What does phonetics primarily concern itself with?

The sound of language Signup and view all the answers

What discipline reached its peak in the 19th century alongside modern linguistics?

Philology Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scholars contributed to modern linguistics?

Ferdinand de Saussure Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of phonology?

The structure of words Signup and view all the answers

Which field of political science compares theories across different nations?

Comparative politics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the discipline of political science?

Syntax Signup and view all the answers

What does semantics study in language?

The meanings of words Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher is associated with the foundation of political science?

Thomas Hobbes Signup and view all the answers

What does syntax concern itself with?

Structure of phrases and sentences Signup and view all the answers

In what centuries was political science predominantly developed by American scholars?

19th and 20th centuries Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concept introduced by Cooley?

Looking glass self Signup and view all the answers

How do individuals perceive themselves according to the looking glass self concept?

Based on how they think others perceive them Signup and view all the answers

Who is traditionally known as the primary developer of symbolic interactionism?

Herbert Blumer Signup and view all the answers

What does Blumer argue regarding people's behavior?

It is based on the meanings derived from interactions Signup and view all the answers

According to Blumer, what influences the meanings individuals have regarding their behaviors?

Interactions with others Signup and view all the answers

What significant aspect differentiates Blumer's argument from earlier theories?

Emphasis on individual interpretation Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the basic premises of symbolic interactionism according to Blumer?

Human beings act toward things based on their meanings Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase effectively summarizes the looking glass self concept?

I am what I think you think I am. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of rational choice as defined by Levin and Milgrom?

Identifying the most preferred option based on a criterion Signup and view all the answers

What does utility maximization involve?

Selecting the option with the greatest reward at the lowest cost Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the 'structure of preferences' concept?

Determining how to achieve individual goals and making related choices Signup and view all the answers

How do individual actions contribute to social change, according to rational choice theory?

Through collective decisions that arise from personal choices Signup and view all the answers

What social classes did Karl Marx identify in his social conflict theory?

Bourgeoisie and proletariat Signup and view all the answers

What does rational choice theory predict about decision-making?

It considers choices as rational if they meet specific goals within constraints Signup and view all the answers

What historical development does Marx associate with the division of society into social classes?

The rise of the capitalist system post-industrial revolution Signup and view all the answers

How can rational choice be used to understand social phenomena?

By predicting outcomes based on individual decision-making Signup and view all the answers

What is one purpose of a dowry in many societies?

To help establish a household for the new couple Signup and view all the answers

In which region are arranged marriages mentioned as traditional?

Southeast Asia Signup and view all the answers

What does filial piety emphasize in Chinese society?

Respect and obedience to one's parents Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of government laws according to the provided information?

They are coercive in nature Signup and view all the answers

What does the law as a coercive institution impose on people?

Mandates accompanied by sanctions Signup and view all the answers

According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, what does the Church have the right to announce?

Moral principles related to social order Signup and view all the answers

What is compadrazgo described as?

A ritual co-parenthood Signup and view all the answers

What varies worldwide concerning individual income tax?

The percentage rates applied Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

History and Historiography

Origin of the word "history" comes from the Greek historia, meaning "to inquire knowledge through investigation."
Herodotus, known as the "father of history," authored HISTORIES, documenting ancient traditions and cultures of Greece, Asia, and Africa.

Linguistics

Study of linguistic structure, acquisition, and evolution began in the 18th century, peaking in the 19th century.
Key components of linguistics include:
- Phonetics: Focuses on the sounds of language.
- Phonology: Examines the structure and organization of sounds.
- Syntax: Studies the arrangement of words and phrases to create meaningful sentences.
- Semantics: Concerns the meaning of words and language.

Political Science

Political science emerged as a distinct discipline in the 19th and 20th centuries, primarily driven by American scholars.
Major subfields include:
- Comparative Politics: Analyzes political systems of different nations for theory comparison.
- Public Policy Analysis: Examines the development and impacts of public policies.

Symbolic Interactionism

Developed by Herbert Blumer, building on George Herbert Mead's work, emphasizing meaning derived from social interactions.
Proposes three basic principles:
- Human actions are driven by meanings ascribed to things.
- Meanings are derived from social interactions and can evolve over time.
- Self-perceptions are influenced by how individuals interpret others' perceptions.

Rational Choice Theory

Rational choice theory posits that individual actions are based on maximizing utility while minimizing costs.
Core concepts include:
- Utility Maximization: Choosing options that provide maximum reward for the lowest cost.
- Structure of Preferences: Making decisions based on personal goals and means to achieve them.
- Centrality of Individuals: Individual decisions can lead to broader social outcomes, such as collective action.

Karl Marx's theory of social conflict highlights the division between the bourgeoisie (capitalists) and proletariat (working class).
Society is characterized by competition for resources like food, education, and employment, rooted in capitalist structures.

Cultural Practices

Arranged marriages, traditional in various regions such as Africa and Southeast Asia, often involve families determining suitable partners based on wealth.
Filial piety represents a significant virtue in Chinese culture, emphasizing respect and obedience to parents.
Concept of compadrazgo signifies ritual co-parenthood, establishing social ties among adults.

Formal Institutions

Laws serve as coercive social institutions, enforcing compliance through sanctions and penalties.
Religious institutions, like the Catholic Church, assert authority in moral and social matters, influencing the behaviors and decisions of its members.

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Description

This quiz explores the origins of history as a discipline, tracing its roots back to the Greek word historia, which means 'to inquire.' Delve into how knowledge is acquired through investigation and learn about key figures like Herodotus. Perfect for students of social sciences seeking foundational knowledge.