Introduction to History

The study of past events, often including an explanation of their causes.

A narrative that holds meaning and significance for a specific group of people, shaping their unique identity and cultural heritage.

The ability to learn from past mistakes and successes of previous generations.

History provides an understanding of different societies, cultures, and ways of life.

History helps us understand who we are and where we come from.

History is essential for understanding our rights and responsibilities as citizens.

Direct accounts from eyewitnesses or those present at the event.

Accounts written by individuals who were NOT present at the event, often relying on primary sources.

Sources that don't exist in written form, but provide valuable historical insights.

The method involves thoroughly examining and critically analyzing past records and survivals to reconstruct and determine the accuracy of historical events.

Historiography involves reconstructing historical data that have been tested by the historical method and synthesizing them into a narrative or discourse.

Refers to the originality of sources.

Focuses on the reliability and trustworthiness of sources.

Even primary sources can contain biases.

The Tejeros Convention was a pivotal event in the Philippine Revolution, attempting to unify revolutionary forces under one leadership. It led to the election of Emilio Aguinaldo as president, with Andres Bonifacio initially elected as Secretary of Interior. However, the convention was riddled with conflicts and tensions between the Magdalo and Magdiwang factions, ultimately ending without a clear resolution.

The Magdalo and Magdiwang were two factions within the Katipunan, with differing views on leadership and strategies for the Philippine Revolution.

Emilio Aguinaldo favored a centralized decision-making process while Andres Bonifacio championed a more consensus-driven approach.

The Tejeros Convention was marred by conflicts due to the conflicting interests and power struggles between the Magdalo and Magdiwang factions, resulting in a flawed election.

The Katipunan was a secret revolutionary society that played a significant role in the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule.

The Kartilya ng Katipunan is a document outlining the Katipunan's code of conduct and moral principles. It served as a moral compass for members, emphasizing values like righteousness, truth, and equality.

Emilio Jacinto was a prominent figure in the Katipunan, known as the "Brain of the Katipunan." He authored the Kartilya, which provided a moral framework for the revolutionary movement.

The Kartilya emphasized the importance of ethical principles and respect for humanity among Katipunan members. It reflected the Filipinos' commitment to virtue, justice, and shared ideals.

The Kartilya was considered more profound than Bonifacio's own Decalogue because it went beyond a mere list of duties to focus on aspirations and moral values.

The Kartilya drew inspiration from Masonic lodges in Manila, reflecting ideals of equality and purpose common to fraternal organizations.

The Kartilya served as a guide for Katipunan members, fostering order and discipline within the revolutionary movement.

Pigafetta's account is considered a primary source for understanding Magellan's expedition, providing firsthand details about their encounters, hardships, and discoveries.

The expedition faced various challenges, including mutiny, starvation, and conflict with native populations.

The voyage led to new discoveries, including the Strait of Magellan, which opened a passage to the Pacific Ocean.

The expedition's interactions with native populations were a mix of collaboration and conflict. Magellan established alliances through blood compacts and baptisms. However, some encounters turned violent, as in the case of Lapu-lapu.

Magellan's death in the Battle of Mactan marked a turning point in the expedition. The remaining crew faced further challenges, including treachery and betrayal by local rulers.

The expedition eventually split into two routes. The Victoria, commanded by Sebastian de Elcano, completed the circumnavigation of the globe. The Trinidad was captured by the Portuguese.

Pigafetta's account is considered a primary source for understanding the early voyages of exploration and the encounters between European explorers and indigenous peoples.

The Customs of the Tagalogs provides insights into the social, political, and religious structures of pre-colonial Philippine society, revealing a level of complexity that contradicts narratives of a primitive, uncivilized population.

The text documents traditional Filipino values like respect for authority, community, and interconnectedness.

The text offers a complex view of slavery, demonstrating that it wasn't merely a system of labor exploitation but also a form of punishment and debt repayment.