Introduction to Heat and Temperature

Introduction to Heat and Temperature

• Objects can be hot or cold.
• We experience hot and cold objects in everyday life.
• Our sense of touch isn't always reliable for determining temperature.

Measuring Temperature

• Temperature is measured with a thermometer.
• A clinical thermometer measures human body temperature.
• Clinical thermometers have a long, narrow, uniform glass tube containing mercury.
• Mercury expands when heated and contracts when cooled.
• Temperature is determined by the mercury's level in the tube.
• India uses degrees Celsius (°C) for temperature.
• Normal human body temperature is 37°C.

Using a Clinical Thermometer

• Disinfect the clinical thermometer before using it with an antiseptic solution.
• Vigorously shake the thermometer until the mercury level is below 35°C.
• Place the thermometer under the tongue for about a minute.
• Note the reading after removing it.
• Always include the unit (°C) with the temperature reading.

Precautions When Using a Thermometer

• Disinfect the thermometer before and after each use.
• Handle thermometers carefully to avoid dropping them.
• Avoid touching the bulb while reading the thermometer.

Measuring the Temperature of Other Objects

• Laboratory thermometers measure temperatures of non-human objects.
• Laboratory thermometers have a wider temperature range.
• Laboratory thermometers can measure temperatures below -10°C and above 100°C.

Using a Laboratory Thermometer

• Place the thermometer in the object to measure its temperature.
• Wait for the mercury level to stabilize.
• Read the temperature based on the mercury's level in the tube.
• Record the reading in degrees Celsius.

Importance of Accurate Temperature Measurement

• Precise temperature measurement is essential in health and science.
• It is vital for monitoring human health, conducting experiments, and understanding weather patterns.

Types of Thermometers and Their Uses

• Clinical thermometer: Measures human body temperature.
• Laboratory thermometer: Measures various object temperatures.
• Maximum-minimum thermometer: Records highest and lowest daily temperatures.

Importance of Proper Thermometer Handling

• Incorrect thermometer handling leads to inaccurate readings and potential hazards.
• Carefully handle thermometers to prevent breakage and mercury contamination.

Considerations for Thermometer Use

• Mercury thermometers are being replaced due to health concerns.
• Digital thermometers are becoming more common due to safety and ease of use.
• Choose the right thermometer for the specific application.

Conclusion

• Understanding heat and temperature is crucial.
• Accurate temperature measurement is essential in health and scientific applications.