Introduction to Group Dynamics

Introduction to Group Dynamics

• Groups come in various shapes and sizes, and their influence is pervasive.
• The tendency to join groups is a key characteristic of humans.
• Group processes significantly impact individuals and society.
• Group dynamics are complex and require careful study.

Chapter Outline

• What are Groups?:
  • Defining groups.
  • Varieties of groups (e.g., primary, social, collectives, categories).
  • Characteristics of groups.
• What are Group Dynamics?:
  • Dynamic group processes.
  • Process and progress over time.
• Why Study Groups?:
  • Understanding people.
  • Understanding the social world.
  • Applications to practical problems.
• The Value of Groups.
• Chapter review and resources.

Defining Groups

• A group consists of two or more individuals connected by and within social relationships.
• Group sizes vary from dyads (two members) to large assemblies.

Varieties of Groups

• Primary groups: Close-knit, intimate, and long-lasting (e.g., families, close friends).
• Social groups: Larger, more formal, and often temporary (e.g., coworkers, study groups).
• Collectives: A large aggregation of individuals connected by shared activities or circumstances (e.g., crowds, audiences).
• Categories: Similar individuals grouped together based on shared attributes (e.g., age, gender).

What is a Group?

• No single definition encapsulates the concept of a group.
• Different aspects of grouping include communication and interdependence, shared identity or purpose, and shared action.
• A minimum of two or three individuals are generally considered the minimum to form a group.

Group Dynamics

• Group dynamics explores the processes that occur within and between groups over time.
• Processes include influencing actions, responses, and trajectories.
• Understanding the group aspects of human life is crucial to comprehending social systems and individual experiences.

Influence Processes

• Group members may influence one another's outcomes, actions, etc.
• Coordination of actions is important for group functions and effectiveness.

Interdependence

• The actions of group members may impact other members.
• Group members may influence one another's goals, outcomes, and experiences.

Structure of Groups

• Group member roles, norms, and networks help structure group members' interactions.
• Group structure influences group processes, communication patterns, and cohesion.

Group Composition

• The composition of a group, including its members and their attributes, influences the dynamics of a group.
• Members can have different qualities that determine how the group functions.

Group Goals

• Groups often pursue tasks that involve shared goals and objectives.
• Types of tasks include generating ideas, choosing solutions, accomplishing performance tasks, and resolving conflicts.

What is Group Progress Over Time?

• Groups may progress through identifiable stages (e.g., forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning).
• Stages are often characterized by the types of interaction between members, as well as the group's emergent norms.
• The way groups progress (and how they experience conflicts) influences their ability to perform efficiently.