Introduction to GMOs and Biotechnology
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Questions and Answers

What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)?

  • An organism that cannot reproduce
  • An organism that exists only in vitro
  • An organism with a completely altered appearance
  • An organism that has undergone a deliberate change in its genetic makeup (correct)

    • Microorganisms, insects, plants, fish, and humans can all be GMOs.

    True

    What technique is used to introduce desired DNA into transgenic organisms?

    In vitro genetic engineering techniques

    A technique for making precise alterations to an organism's DNA is known as _______.

    <p>genome editing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential benefit of GMOs?

    <p>Improved aesthetic appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following applications of GMOs with their corresponding fields:

    <p>Agriculture = Enhancing crop resilience Aquaculture = Increasing fish yield Food Industry = Improving nutritional value Biomedical Research = Developing medical therapies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The source of donor DNA for GMOs can be the GMOs themselves.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some concerns related to GMOs in terms of ethics?

    <p>Impacts on coastal environments and biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential application of genetically modified fish?

    <p>Acting as pollution monitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aquaculture has no significant environmental impacts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one social impact of aquaculture production.

    <p>Community displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The spread of __________ is a significant risk associated with aquaculture.

    <p>disease and parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the species production factors with their implications:

    <p>Higher trophic level species = More feed input and more waste Ecologically sensitive locations = Higher environmental impact Open net pens = Transfer of farm activities to the environment Closed containment systems = Isolated inputs and outputs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a concern regarding the human health risks of GMOs?

    <p>Introduction of allergenic proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eating genetically modified fish is considered less safe than eating traditionally raised fish.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main causes of social conflicts in aquaculture?

    <p>Export-driven manufacturing for profit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in achieving coastal sustainability?

    <p>Motivated engagement with ethics and optimism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A lack of decision-making can stem from overwhelming uncertainties.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the scientific world provide to support transformation in coastal systems?

    <p>Larger data sets and improved knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cooperative commitment is based on stakeholder ______ and trust.

    <p>optimism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following obstacles to sustainable coastal development with their descriptions:

    <p>Implicit uncertainties = Lead to biased decisions Corrupted analyses = Result from limited ethics Unmotivated cooperation = Stemming from social inertia Reactive compromises = Cause inefficient adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for balancing the relationship between information and decision-making?

    <p>Explicit uncertainties and error intervals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proactive decisions are linked to available forecasts and projection products.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be bounded by shared ethical values in decision-making?

    <p>The relationship between information and power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of blending social and ecological sciences in coastal zones?

    <p>To connect sustainability with social responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Building coastal protected areas provides immediate economic benefits that are easy to commercialize.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary to develop proactive solutions for coastal issues?

    <p>A certain level of optimism and ethical analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of introducing beta-carotene in golden rice?

    <p>Enhanced vitamin A content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transgenic tobacco can induce immune responses by producing antibodies.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The development of coastal protected areas is a classic example of _____ inspired by national parks on land.

    <p>marine protected areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following targets the source of coastal issues?

    <p>Jump-start measures for recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gene is injected into fertilized fish eggs to increase growth rates?

    <p>type 1 growth hormone gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Historical criteria should be merged with current big-data analysis to find the best solutions for coastal zones.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ________ gene in Bt corn produces a protein that acts as an eco-friendly insecticide.

    <p>Bacillus thuringiensis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following applications of genetic modification to their descriptions:

    <p>Golden Rice = Biofortification to combat vitamin A deficiency Transgenic Tobacco = Produces Hepatitis B virus surface antigen BT Corn = Provides pest resistance through pesticide production Transgenic Ornamentals = Modifies traits in ornamental plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should ethical considerations help to measure in coastal resilience capacity?

    <p>Natural resilience capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the coastal concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Coastal protected areas = Areas established for long-term biodiversity Big-data analysis = Use of data to enhance forecasts Tipping points = Thresholds leading to significant system changes Sediment starvation = Lack of sediment that affects coastal health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk associated with GMOs?

    <p>Increased bioavailability of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetic modification techniques can improve the digestibility of lignin in trees.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major benefit of bioremediation using GMOs?

    <p>Degradation of persistent organic pollutants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main objectives of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety?

    <p>To set up procedures for the safe trans-boundary movement of living modified organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The introduction of GMOs into the environment is guaranteed to disrupt natural communities.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential human risk associated with transgenic crops?

    <p>Toxin and allergen production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetic modification promotes _________ in organisms which can lead to unknown long-term effects.

    <p>mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following potential risks of GMOs with their descriptions:

    <p>Ecological imbalance = Disruption of natural communities Mutation = Long-term unknown effects on organisms New pathogen = Emergence of a novel pathogen variety Bioterrorism = Use of biological agents for harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might GMO seeds be out of reach for many farmers?

    <p>They are expensive to create and test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety has been adopted by less than 200 parties.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason for concern regarding transgenic crops escaping into the environment?

    <p>They may become a pest and threaten natural ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

    • GMOs are organisms with deliberately altered genetic makeup
    • Microorganisms, insects, plants, fish, and humans can be GMOs
    • In vitro genetic engineering techniques introduce foreign DNA into an organism to create GMOs
    • The donor DNA source is not the GMO itself
    • GMOs can address issues like environmental pollution, food safety, and security

    Intended Learning Outcomes

    • Discuss concepts of GMOs and biotechnology
    • List uses and applications of GMOs (Agriculture, Aquaculture, Food, Biomedical)
    • Analyze economic, social, health and environmental impacts of GMOs
    • Discuss ethical issues of GMOs in coastal environments and biodiversity
    • Understand techniques for creating GMOs

    GMO Introduction

    • GMOs change certain traits by altering the genome (genetic makeup)
    • Editing is precise changes in DNA using enzymes to cut and edit
    • In vitro techniques are involved to incorporate desired DNA
    • This technology, for example, introduces DNA from a daffodil into a carp (auto and allo-transgenic)

    GMO Applications

    • Agriculture: Improved crop yields, lower costs, better nutrient composition, pest and disease resistance, increased food security
    • Aquaculture: Accelerated growth rates, enhanced disease resistance, increased temperature tolerance
    • Food Industry: Food enzymes (FE) used more frequently, increased FE yield through microbial technologies

    GMOs in Biomedical Research

    • Advancement in biological and medical research because GMOs are very crucial for new therapies
    • GMOs are used to understand human genes and their function, leading to better disease treatment (e.g., cancer, Alzheimer's).
    • GMO development of antibodies and medicines

    Ethical Issues and Impacts

    • Concerns over the safety of human consumption
    • Unintended or unpredictable consequences like ecosystem disruption/competition
    • Potential harm to non-target species or their environments from gene spread/toxins
    • Social issues including community displacement and exploitive labor practices related to some GMO products
    • Current debate on use and regulation as a global issue

    Biosafety

    • The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB) recognizes the need for biosafety in GE research/development
    • Protocols were adopted in 2003, and aim to set up procedures for safe trans-boundary movements, harmonize risk assessment principles, and establish a clearing house
    • Institutional Biosafety Committees ensure adherence to pertinent regulations for experiments/GMOs

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    Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and their implications on agriculture, health, and the environment. This quiz delves into the techniques of genetic engineering, applications of GMOs, and the ethical considerations surrounding their use. Test your understanding of how GMOs are created and their potential impacts on society.

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