Lecture_7 FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system designed to capture, store, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data. It combines features from various fields, including geography, computer science, and cartography, to analyze and interpret spatial information.

Attribute data describes the characteristics or properties of geographic features. This data can be numerical, textual, or a combination of both. For example, a road's attribute data might include its name, length, speed limit, and material it's made of.

Planning applications in GIS utilize the power of geographic data analysis to optimize various processes, including environmental monitoring, utilities management, emergency response, and more. By understanding the spatial relationships between data points, we can better predict outcomes and make informed decisions.

Visual analysis in GIS allows users to interpret and understand spatial patterns and relationships by creating thematic maps, visualizing statistical data on maps, and performing spatial queries. This helps identify trends, hotspots, and areas needing further investigation.

Spatial query analysis involves using GIS to ask questions based on geographic location, relationships, and attributes. Examples include finding all roads within a certain distance of a school or identifying areas most vulnerable to flooding.

Buffer analysis in GIS is used to create zones of influence around geographic features. These zones can represent a certain distance or area of service. For example, a buffer around a fire station indicates the areas they can reach within a specified response time.

Thematic maps are designed to portray specific themes or patterns in geographic data by using symbols, colors, and patterns to represent information. Examples include population density maps, land use maps, and crime rate maps.

A table that holds data for features in a GIS, similar to a spreadsheet. You can find features by name and then view them on the map.

The process of linking data from other systems to the features in a GIS. This allows you to get more information about the features by searching for their attributes.

Having a system that all users can understand for identifying features, including those in a GIS database. It's important to have a common way of referencing features so everyone knows which feature is which.

Using keywords and conditions to filter data in a GIS, allowing you to select and analyze specific features based on their attributes.

A string of characters enclosed within single quotes in a GIS query, often used to compare attribute values, like the name of a location or a specific feature.

A comparison operator that allows you to search for partial matches in a GIS query, useful when you don't know the exact text or value.

A language used to query and manage data in databases, including those used in GIS.

The process of ensuring that the correct records in different systems are connected based on their shared identifiers, like matching a feature in a GIS with its corresponding information in another database.

A query is a way to ask questions from a database using specific criteria to retrieve relevant information.

This method allows you to select and display only the data that matches certain conditions, like cities starting with 'Kota'.

Using comparison operators like =, >, <, >=, <=, you can compare values and select data based on these conditions.

They combine multiple conditions to narrow down your search. Think of them as the words 'and' and 'or' in everyday language.

This operator reverses the condition. It means 'not' matching the specified expression. Useful for excluding unwanted data.

You can use calculations within queries to find data based on mathematical relationships between values.

GIS allows you to easily create thematic maps, making complex data visually understandable and highlighting important trends.

A thematic layer displays data related to a specific theme, like population density or traffic speed, overlaid on a map.

Spatial analysis uses GIS to analyze the location and relationships between geographic features. It helps understand patterns, trends, and connections.

A spatial query in GIS allows you to find data based on its location or relationship to other features. Examples include finding all houses within 500 meters of a school.

A buffer analysis in GIS creates a zone around a geographic feature, representing a certain distance or area of influence. This can be used to understand the impact of a location, like a factory, on the surrounding area.

A buffer is a shape generated by GIS around an existing object (point, line, or area). It represents the total area within a certain distance of the object.

Proximity selections in GIS allow you to identify features within a specified distance of a given feature.

GIS software can be used to analyze the relationships between different sets of data, such as comparing asthma rates with proximity to busy roads.

By analyzing spatial patterns and relationships, GIS can help us understand why some businesses are more successful than others.