Geography November exam P2 (Medium)
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Questions and Answers

What is the core technology used in Geographic Information Systems (GIS)?

  • Data Storage (correct)
  • Software Development
  • User Input
  • Decision Making

    • Which sector does GIS technology not find application in?

  • Government
  • Industries
  • Urban Planning
  • Healthcare (correct)

    • Who is involved in the development of GIS software?

  • Programmers only
  • Geographers and government agencies
  • Programmers, geographers, and specialists (correct)
  • Geographers only

    • What type of information can users upload into a Geographic Information System?

    <p>Highly detailed and varied information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form does GIS store geographical data?

    <p>Digital format</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For what purposes is GIS extensively used?

    <p>Planning and Decision Making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes an orthophoto map from a regular aerial photograph?

    <p>Orthophotos provide a uniform scale across the entire image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what ways does digital information enhance data handling?

    <p>It enables the collection and display of vast amounts of information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of vertical aerial photographs?

    <p>They depict spatial relationships between features accurately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic makes GIS a dynamic tool?

    <p>Its integration of new data and advancements in technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes satellite images from other aerial photographic images?

    <p>Satellite images collect data in various wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does digital information contribute to precision and reliability in data processing?

    <p>It offers high precision and reliability by its nature as digital data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key feature of low oblique aerial photographs?

    <p>They display only the ground surface without the horizon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is interoperability considered essential in handling digital data?

    <p>It enhances cross-sectoral and international collaboration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of capturing high oblique aerial photographs?

    <p>Displays both the ground surface and the horizon for better context identification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of satellite images over traditional aerial photography?

    <p>Ability to collect data in various wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of orthophoto maps?

    <p>To combine visual detail of a photograph with geometric qualities of a map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of image is essential for creating topographic maps with a historical perspective of geographic changes?

    <p>Vertical Aerial Photographs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main disadvantage associated with orthophoto maps?

    <p>Difficulty in obtaining recent full-color images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of aligning images with geographical locations during the geo-referencing process?

    <p>To allow images to be used effectively for mapping and spatial analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of image capture method provides a detailed view of the Earth's surface for mapping and surveying?

    <p>Vertical Aerial Photographs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of satellite images in terms of data collection?

    <p>Global coverage enabling continuous data collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Limited Availability' is a disadvantage associated with which type of map?

    <p>$1:10,000$ Orthophoto Maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology has improved the speed and accuracy of orthophoto production since 2008?

    <p>Digital mapping cameras for automatic scale correction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major skill requirement associated with the analysis of satellite data?

    <p>Specialized knowledge and skills in satellite data analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of map projections focuses on accurately depicting the directions between locations?

    <p>Direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which map projection is known for accurately showing angles and directions but distorting shapes and distances near the poles?

    <p>Mercator Projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a closely spaced contour indicate on a map?

    <p>Steep slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of scale on a map allows for a direct reading of distances without calculations?

    <p>Linear Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of magnetic declination in navigation?

    <p>To correct for differences between magnetic north and true north</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cartographers strive to preserve the property of 'area' in map projections?

    <p>By ensuring regions are represented in true proportion to their actual size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In map scales, what does a scale of 1:50,000 represent?

    <p>$1 \text{ cm}$ on the map represents $50,000 \text{ cm}$ on the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of contours on a map with regards to topography?

    <p>To connect points of equal elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of projection is often seen as favoring developing nations due to its representation of land masses' sizes?

    <p>Peters Projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using magnetic north in navigation?

    <p>To provide a consistent reference point for direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in conducting fieldwork according to the provided information?

    <p>Information gathering through preliminary research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can be used to collect data from the community during fieldwork?

    <p>Observational templates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential to ensure during fieldwork in terms of safety?

    <p>Implementing all safety protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When deciding on the type of data to be collected, what differentiates quantitative from qualitative data?

    <p>Use of appropriate tools like tape recorders is unique to quantitative data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for working effectively during fieldwork?

    <p>Time management and planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what phase of fieldwork should data be organized into key themes and sub-themes?

    <p>Data gathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of alphanumeric grids in atlas maps?

    <p>To help pinpoint locations on the map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of map would be most useful to a geographer studying political boundaries?

    <p>Political Map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key (legend) used for in an atlas?

    <p>To explain map symbols and color codes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of atlases, what is the purpose of a map's scale?

    <p>To indicate the relationship between map distance and real distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are thematic maps useful in displaying information?

    <p>To use colors and symbols for specific information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skill is essential for navigation according to the text?

    <p>Using a magnetic compass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature helps in pinpointing locations on atlas maps?

    <p>Alphanumeric Grids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of map would likely display information about rainfall distribution?

    <p>Thematic Map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary challenge associated with maintaining up-to-date maps as mentioned in the text?

    <p>The high costs involved in updating maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information would be most likely found on a political map?

    <p>Display of political boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of GIS technology mentioned in the text?

    <p>Visualization and analysis of geographical data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of professionals is involved in the development of GIS software according to the text?

    <p>Programmers and geographers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which areas is GIS technology commonly applied?

    <p>Agriculture and marine biology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates GIS data storage from traditional paper-based storage?

    <p>GIS data can be accessed digitally, while paper-based data requires physical storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector benefits from GIS technology based on the text?

    <p>Mining and mineral extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does user input play in GIS technology?

    <p>Users can upload specific data tailored to project requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of orthophoto maps over traditional vertical aerial photographs?

    <p>Ease of integration with GIS for spatial analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is a key limitation of orthophoto maps as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Limited availability for all regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are recent full-color satellite images challenging to obtain for public and professional use?

    <p>High cost associated with launching and maintaining satellites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes satellite images from vertical aerial photographs when it comes to data collection?

    <p>Ability to provide real-time environmental assessments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What development has significantly enhanced the speed and accuracy of orthophoto production since 2008?

    <p>Utilization of digital mapping cameras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of vertical aerial photographs poses a challenge when integrating them into GIS systems?

    <p>Inaccuracy in scale outside the center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes topographic maps from orthophoto maps in terms of their primary function?

    <p>'Detail and scale' for precise mapping derived from aerial photos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'High expenses associated with satellite launches and maintenance' present a challenge in which aspect of GIS application?

    <p>'Global Coverage' for real-time environmental monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Automation' in recent advancements related to vertical aerial photographs primarily aims to improve which aspect of production?

    <p>'Scale Accuracy' throughout the entire image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Ease of Updating' is highlighted as a benefit primarily associated with which type of map?

    <p>'Orthophoto Maps' generating accurate photographic maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When planning fieldwork, why is engaging with local stakeholders considered crucial?

    <p>To align the fieldwork with the local context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of role allocation in teams during fieldwork?

    <p>Clearly assigning responsibilities and setting deadlines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to classify collected data into categories such as fact, opinion, consensus, and notable contrasts?

    <p>To ensure reliable and valid data analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of fieldwork, what does 'localizing your investigation' primarily refer to?

    <p>Aligning the fieldwork with the local context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should safety protocols be ensured during fieldwork according to the provided information?

    <p>To protect the well-being of fieldworkers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of 'engaging with stakeholders' during fieldwork?

    <p>Identifying individuals who will provide information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a high oblique aerial photograph from a low oblique aerial photograph?

    <p>The camera angle in relation to the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of orthophoto maps compared to regular aerial photographs?

    <p>They show objects in true shape and scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what aspect does digital data excel compared to traditional methods?

    <p>Accessibility and Manipulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the crucial feature of vertical aerial photographs that aids in accurate representation?

    <p>Spatial relationships between features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is interoperability important in the context of digital data?

    <p>To allow sharing across platforms and industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does customization play in GIS?

    <p>Provides tailored information to meet user needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main disadvantage of using atlas maps?

    <p>Complexity due to the use of specialized symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of map would a geographer most likely use to study the distribution of natural resources?

    <p>Thematic map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a map's legend (key) in an atlas?

    <p>Explain the symbols and color codes used on the map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes relief maps different from political maps?

    <p>They illustrate physical landscape features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for pinpointing locations on atlas maps?

    <p>Alphanumeric grids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is maintaining up-to-date maps considered costly?

    <p>The continuous need for updates and corrections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of aligning a compass with true north on a map?

    <p>To adjust for magnetic declination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are thematic maps valuable for displaying information?

    <p>They display information based on specific themes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of using a magnetic compass in navigation?

    <p>To determine directions accurately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic distinguishes local maps from regional maps?

    <p>Focus on smaller areas like cities or towns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property do cartographers aim to preserve in map projections to maintain the true shape of regions?

    <p>Area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In map scales, what does a scale of 1:50,000 signify?

    <p>1 cm on the map represents 50,000 cm on the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of contour lines on a map indicate steep slopes?

    <p>Closely spaced contours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of using magnetic north in navigation?

    <p>Assisting in directional orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of projection is known for favoring developing nations due to its accurate representation of land masses' sizes?

    <p>Peters Projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle that magnetic declination represents?

    <p>Angle between magnetic north and true north</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is crucial for understanding the topography of an area based on contour lines?

    <p><strong>Contours' spacing</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Line scales on maps are particularly useful for which purpose?

    <p><strong>Measuring distances accurately</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Steps to Measure an Angle with a Compass include all EXCEPT:

    <p><strong>Drawing a line representing true south from the reference point</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of GIS software developers, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Collaborating to understand geographic information needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does GIS technology benefit urban planning, based on the information provided?

    <p>By supporting land planners with its versatility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes GIS as a valuable tool for decision making and planning purposes?

    <p>Its widespread application in planning and decision-making processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the storage of data in digital format essential for GIS technology?

    <p>To allow for easy access and manipulation via computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information can users upload into GIS, according to the text?

    <p>Specific data tailored to particular needs or projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does GIS technology support environmental management, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>By enabling the analysis of environmental data across sectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes orthophoto maps from traditional aerial photographs?

    <p>Orthophoto maps combine visual detail with the geometric qualities of a map.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of satellite images compared to vertical aerial photographs for data collection?

    <p>Satellite images capture global coverage for continuous data collection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is scale accuracy a disadvantage for vertical aerial photographs?

    <p>The scale is only accurate at the center of the photograph.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant development in orthophoto production since 2008?

    <p>Automated cameras for scale correction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does GIS integration play concerning satellite images?

    <p>GIS integration enhances data analysis and environmental monitoring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are recent full-color images challenging to obtain for public and professional use?

    <p>Their creation involves high expenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using orthophoto maps?

    <p>Ability to represent spatial relationships accurately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are oblique aerial photographs useful for identification purposes?

    <p>They allow capturing sides of objects for easier identification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key distinction between aerial photographs and satellite images?

    <p>The method of data collection used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do vertical aerial photographs ensure accuracy in spatial relationships?

    <p>By positioning the camera axis nearly perpendicular to the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is digital information considered crucial in fields where precision is essential?

    <p>Because it enhances efficiency in handling vast amounts of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of satellite images over traditional aerial photographs?

    <p>Collection of data in various electromagnetic wavelengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does GIS serve as a customized tool?

    <p>Through tailored and specific information provision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Interoperability' in relation to digital data refers to its ability to:

    <p>Be accessed and manipulated easily across diverse platforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes oblique aerial photographs from vertical aerial photographs primarily?

    <p>The angle at which the camera is tilted during image capture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does digital information enhance efficiency in data handling compared to traditional methods?

    <p>Through enabling collection, storage, and analysis of larger data quantities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are atlases considered essential for geographers and those interested in Earth's spatial relationships?

    <p>To present comprehensive geographic information for various applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of keys (legends) in atlas maps?

    <p>To explain the symbols and color codes used in the maps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of aligning a compass with true north on a map?

    <p>To ensure precise direction finding during navigation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect that distinguishes relief maps from political maps?

    <p>Showing altitude and topographical features like mountains and rivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are thematic maps particularly useful for displaying information?

    <p>To highlight specific types of information based on themes like climate or population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do alphanumeric grids play in atlas maps?

    <p>Helping pinpoint locations within the map.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skill is fundamental in accurately describing directions using a compass?

    <p>Describing directions to other features or places using compass points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Local Maps' differ from 'Regional Maps' primarily in their focus on which type of areas?

    <p>Detailing smaller areas like cities or towns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Thematic Maps' use colors and symbols primarily to illustrate what type of information?

    <p>Population density and distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes 'Compass Points' displayed by magnetic compasses from other directions on a map?

    <p>They describe directions from reference points using cardinal points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect of engaging with local stakeholders during fieldwork?

    <p>Deciding who will provide the necessary information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to classify collected data into categories like fact, opinion, consensus, and notable contrasts?

    <p>To organize the data effectively for analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should safety protocols be ensured during the fieldwork phase of a project?

    <p>To meet regulatory requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of organizing data around key themes and sub-themes?

    <p>To facilitate analysis and interpretation of the data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a group working on a fieldwork project allocate roles and responsibilities?

    <p>To ensure each member contributes effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates quantitative data from qualitative data in the context of data collection?

    <p>Quantitative data involves measurements while qualitative data involves opinions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of map projections discussed in the text?

    <p>To preserve the relative shapes of landmasses on a map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which map projection, according to the text, is useful for navigation but distorts shapes and distances near the poles?

    <p>Mercator Projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does magnetic declination play in navigation, as described in the text?

    <p>Indicating the angle between magnetic north and true north for precision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do closely spaced contours on a map typically indicate?

    <p>Steep slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do line scales on maps differ from ratio scales?

    <p>Line scales need calculations, while ratio scales allow direct measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of bearings, what is the significance of measuring an angle with a compass?

    <p>Identifying direction from one location to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes widely spaced contours more distinguishable on a map?

    <p>They show gentle slopes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to measure bearings accurately with a compass, as described in the text?

    <p><strong>N</strong>avigating using landmarks accurately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do contours on maps aid in understanding landforms based on the text?

    <p>By connecting points at different elevations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key functionalities of GIS technology?

    <p>Analyzing and manipulating spatial data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does GIS technology support various sectors according to the text?

    <p>By assisting in land planning and environmental management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant aspect of GIS software development described in the text?

    <p>It requires collaboration among programmers and geographers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is user input important in GIS technology as mentioned in the text?

    <p>To add highly detailed and varied information tailored to specific needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates GIS technology from traditional paper-based maps?

    <p>GIS technology supports complex analysis and manipulation of spatial data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which fields is GIS technology not commonly used based on the text?

    <p>Healthcare sector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when deciding who will provide the necessary information during fieldwork?

    <p>Their proximity to the fieldwork location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to classify collected data into categories like fact, opinion, consensus, and notable contrasts?

    <p>To organize and understand different types of information gathered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fieldwork, why is aligning the timeline and managing different phases efficiently important?

    <p>To avoid delays and ensure smooth progress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes quantitative data from qualitative data in the context of fieldwork?

    <p>Quantitative data focuses on measurements, while qualitative data focuses on perspectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During fieldwork, how does role allocation in teams contribute to the effectiveness of the project?

    <p>It ensures clear assignment of responsibilities and timely completion of tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of organizing data around key themes and sub-themes in fieldwork?

    <p>To identify patterns and make data more manageable for analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of orthophoto maps?

    <p>They combine photograph characteristics with map geometric qualities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of orthophoto maps?

    <p>Combining visual detail of a photograph with geometric qualities of a map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do low oblique aerial photographs differ from high oblique aerial photographs?

    <p>High oblique aerial photographs capture only the ground surface without the horizon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are recent full-color images challenging to obtain for public and professional use according to the text?

    <p>Limited availability in certain regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are satellite images particularly valuable compared to traditional aerial photographs for data collection?

    <p>Satellite images can be digitally processed to highlight various aspects of Earth's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key advantage of vertical aerial photographs over satellite images for data collection?

    <p>Spatial accuracy throughout the photograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does customization play in enhancing GIS's utility and efficacy as a tool?

    <p>Customization tailors information to meet user-specific needs in spatial analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable disadvantage of orthophoto maps as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Limited availability for all regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do satellite images differ from vertical aerial photographs in terms of cost?

    <p>High costs associated with satellite launches and maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of satellite data analysis poses a challenge according to the text?

    <p>Specialized knowledge and skills required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do vertical aerial photographs require scanning and digitization for GIS integration?

    <p>'Preparation for Use' disadvantage of vertical aerial photographs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do orthophoto maps facilitate dynamic urban and development planning?

    <p>Offering clarity and scale suitable for detailed planning and analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technological advancement has improved the speed and accuracy of orthophoto production since 2008?

    <p>'Scale correction' developments in automated cameras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Spatial Data Source' is a key advantage associated with which type of mapping method according to the text?

    <p><strong>Vertical Aerial Photographs</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are grid lines in atlases beneficial for navigation?

    <p>To facilitate locating specific areas on the map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage related to interpreting maps correctly, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Complexity of map symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of map would a geographer most likely use to study population density and distribution?

    <p>Thematic Maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of an atlas that enhances ease of interpretation for users?

    <p>Alphanumeric grids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do compasses aid in determining direction when navigating, according to the text?

    <p>By aligning with true north</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of compass points displayed on a magnetic compass?

    <p>To provide reference directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what aspect do local maps differ from regional maps primarily?

    <p>Coverage area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Map Scale' primarily provides information about what relationship?

    <p>'Distance on Map' to 'Actual Distance on Ground'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Latitude and Longitude' coordinates describe which aspects of a location?

    <p>'Physical Features' like elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why map projections are used?

    <p>To conserve the shapes of regions accurately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using magnetic declination in navigation?

    <p>To find the angle between true north and magnetic north</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of map scale allows for a direct reading of distances without any calculations?

    <p>Line Scales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are widely spaced contours represented on a map typically interpreted?

    <p>As representing gentle slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the Robinson Projection from the Peters Projection?

    <p>Robinson Projection distorts shapes but conserves direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For what purpose are contours on a map primarily utilized?

    <p>To connect points with similar elevations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of measuring locations on a map, what does a ratio scale of 1:50,000 indicate?

    <p>$1cm$ represents $50,000cm$ on the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes the Mercator Projection particularly useful despite its distortions?

    <p>It excels in showing angles and directions for navigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'population distribution' refer to?

    <p>How people are spread across the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do mountainous regions typically have low population densities?

    <p>Rugged terrain and challenging living conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to low habitation in desert areas?

    <p>Harsh climate and lack of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do densely forested tropical regions deter dense human settlement?

    <p>Accessibility issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is 'population density' typically expressed?

    <p>Per square kilometer or square mile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a census?

    <p>Collecting demographic information about every person in a country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a population structure in the Expanding stage of the Demographic Transition Model?

    <p>Wide base reflecting high birth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Demographic Transition Model suggest about population growth in the Late Expanding stage?

    <p>Urbanization decreases birth rates while keeping death rates low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a country as overpopulated according to the text?

    <p>High density alongside falling living standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the global population distribution differ between Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs) and More Economically Developed Countries (MEDCs)?

    <p>95% of global population growth occurs in LEDCs, while MEDCs see a decline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of the Demographic Transition Model do low birth and death rates lead to population stabilization?

    <p><strong>Stage 4 – Low Stationary</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern associated with the projected global population of 9 billion by 2050?

    <p>Environmental impact and resource availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country's classification as overpopulated is primarily due to falling living standards despite low density?

    <p><strong>Somalia</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor mainly contributes to the significant challenges for sustainability posed by global population growth?

    <p><strong>Addition of approximately 90 million people annually</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Internal Migration involves movement within what geographic area?

    <p><strong>Same country</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    International Migration can be classified as either permanent or temporary based on what criteria?

    <p><strong>Duration of stay in the new location</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between voluntary and forced migration?

    <p>Voluntary migration is a personal choice, while forced migration is due to compulsion in unsafe conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the neglect of farms and economic decline in rural areas during rural-urban migration?

    <p>Movement of economically active individuals to urban areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the destabilization of families due to HIV and AIDS?

    <p>Increased demand for AIDS-related treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant effect of HIV and AIDS on the economy?

    <p>Reduction in workforce productivity due to illness and death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which region did KwaZulu-Natal experience an increase in HIV infection rates from 2002 to 2008?

    <p>South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant statistic highlights the challenges faced by immigrants and refugees globally?

    <p>Over 13 million refugees are spread across 140 countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Rate of Natural Increase' measure in a population?

    <p>The difference between birth rate and death rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor does NOT influence the fertility rate of a population?

    <p>Life expectancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the 'Death Rate' of a population calculated?

    <p>Dividing the total number of deaths by the total population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect is NOT influenced by factors affecting birth rates in a population?

    <p>Nutritional standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of natural decrease in a population?

    <p>Decline in population numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does fertility rate differ from birth rate in a population?

    <p>Fertility rate is an average number of children expected per woman's lifetime, whereas birth rate is total live births per year per population size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic characteristic is NOT influenced by factors affecting death rates?

    <p>Religious beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Natural Increase' in a population occurs when:

    <p>The birth rate exceeds the death rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Life Expectancy' of a population is primarily influenced by factors related to:

    <p>'Healthcare quality'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Fertility Rate' in a population is most impacted by:

    <p>'Cultural norms'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the crucial age group most affected by HIV and AIDS in terms of economic productivity?

    <p>20-49 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following countries is projected to lose a significant percentage of its labour force by 2020?

    <p>Namibia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary form of water that covers about 71% of the Earth's surface?

    <p>Liquid Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the hydrological cycle, what process involves cloud formation due to the cooling and condensation of water vapor?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the largest reserve of fresh water found according to global distribution data?

    <p>Icecaps and Glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main impact of higher infection rates in women than men due to HIV and AIDS?

    <p>Increase in child-headed households</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which global region experienced approximately two million deaths from AIDS-related illnesses in 2008?

    <p>Southern Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which water returns from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface in the hydrological cycle?

    <p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ice less dense than liquid water according to the text?

    <p>'Water molecules expand when freezing'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Water on Earth exists mainly in three states: solid, liquid, and gas.' What is the unique characteristic of water vapor compared to the other two states?

    <p>'Gaseous state'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary influence of warm ocean currents on air?

    <p>Heating the air, increasing its capacity to hold water vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cold ocean currents affect climate patterns?

    <p>Cool the air, leading to drier conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily drives surface currents in oceans?

    <p>Wind patterns across the ocean surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does salinity have on ocean water movements?

    <p>Raises water density and affects water movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which hemisphere does the Coriolis effect cause water to deflect to the right?

    <p>Northern Hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major ocean current influences the climate of north-western Europe?

    <p>Gulf Stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What human activities can contribute to the severity and frequency of floods?

    <p>Deforestation and poor farming practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does geographical relief play a role in the susceptibility of areas to flooding?

    <p>Low-lying areas have slower river flows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool is essential for understanding river discharge patterns over time?

    <p>Hydrographs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy aims to prevent overflow by constructing barriers and levees?

    <p>Flood defenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of lag time in understanding flood potential?

    <p>It indicates the delay between peak rainfall and peak discharge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does coastal flooding differ from other types of flooding?

    <p>It results from cyclones and onshore winds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge that South Africa faces in water management according to the text?

    <p>Low annual rainfall compared to global averages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which region of South Africa is no rain typically experienced during winter?

    <p>South-western part of the Western Cape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the predicted impacts of climate change on water management in South Africa?

    <p>Longer dry spells and increased floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to water pollution in South Africa according to the text?

    <p>Urbanization and use of fertilizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key impact of dams on ecosystems and settlements according to the text?

    <p>Disrupting traditional living areas and ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of municipalities in water management in South Africa?

    <p>Purifying and distributing water to urban areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key strategy mentioned in the text for sustainable water use in South Africa?

    <p>Reducing wastage and restoring wetlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which government-led project aims at enhancing water availability in South Africa through large-scale infrastructure development?

    <p>Orange River Project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge associated with the policy on Free Basic Water (FBW) implementation according to the text?

    <p>Challenges due to rapid urbanization and financial constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of dams mentioned in the text?

    <p>Controlling floods and providing irrigation water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Population Distribution' refer to?

    <p>How people are spread across the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for low population densities in mountainous regions?

    <p>Rugged terrain and often harsh climates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do desert areas usually have low habitation according to the text?

    <p>Harsh climate conditions and lack of water/resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to low population densities in densely forested tropical regions?

    <p>Accessibility issues and dense forests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of conducting a census?

    <p>To provide demographic information about every person in a country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are densely forested tropical regions less populated according to the text?

    <p>Accessibility issues and harsh living conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes migration that is based on personal choice?

    <p>Voluntary migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a push factor for migration?

    <p>Better employment opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of death in regions with high HIV infection rates in Southern Africa?

    <p>HIV/AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge faced by refugees and immigrants as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Hostility and discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary social impact of HIV/AIDS on families and communities?

    <p>Destabilization of families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in South Africa experienced a decrease in HIV infection rates from 2002 to 2008?

    <p>Gauteng</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movement involves transhumance according to the text?

    <p>Seasonal movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the rapid increase in global population, largely attributed to advancements in medicine?

    <p>Population explosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of the Demographic Transition Model do birth rates fall further as priorities shift towards education and careers over family expansion?

    <p>Stage 5 – Declining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Singapore considered not overpopulated despite implementing successful family planning?

    <p>Rising living standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of population movement involves migrants settling in a new location indefinitely?

    <p>Permanent International Migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by urbanization leading to decreased birth rates and continued low death rates?

    <p>Stage 3 – Late Expanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to a country being considered overpopulated according to the text?

    <p>Decrease in living standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern associated with the global population reaching 9 billion by 2050?

    <p>Environmental impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criterion classifies population movements based on movement within the same country?

    <p>Internal Migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Overpopulation' primarily depend on according to the text?

    <p>Both population density and economic system constraints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Natural Increase metric represent in a population?

    <p>The difference between birth and death rates per 100 people per year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Factors influencing birth rates differ from factors influencing death rates in a population?

    <p>Birth rates are affected by cultural norms, while death rates are influenced by healthcare quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using population pyramids?

    <p>To graphically display age and gender distribution in a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metric is calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate and then multiplying by 100?

    <p>Rate of Natural Increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are LEDCs distinguished from MEDCs based on their population pyramid shapes?

    <p>LEDCs display high birth rates and lower life expectancy compared to MEDCs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between Natural Increase and Natural Decrease in a population?

    <p>Natural Increase signifies growth, while Natural Decrease indicates decline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does life expectancy impact the structure of population pyramids?

    <p>It influences the width of the pyramid base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Fertility Rate' is primarily influenced by which set of factors?

    <p>'Fertility Rate' is affected by socio-economic conditions and cultural norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Population Dynamics' in a region can be significantly altered by which external factors?

    <p>'Population Dynamics' can dramatically change due to factors like wars, migrations, and natural calamities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Migration, wars, and natural disasters' can substantially influence which aspect of a population?

    <p>'Population Distribution'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What state of water covers about 71% of Earth's surface?

    <p>Liquid Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the release of water vapor into the air from both water bodies and plants?

    <p>Evapotranspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's water is held in the oceans?

    <p>97%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is identified as the most affected by HIV and AIDS, crucial for economic productivity?

    <p>20-49 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component of the hydrological cycle that involves cloud formation and precipitation?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do ice cubes float in water?

    <p>Ice is less dense than liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of water replenishes groundwater supplies after reaching the ground?

    <p>Groundwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Water Vapor' condenses into clouds due to what natural process?

    <p>Cooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of fresh water on Earth?

    <p>Icecaps and Glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main impact of high death rates within the productive age group due to HIV and AIDS?

    <p>General strain on social and economic systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor plays a crucial role in influencing deep ocean currents?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ocean current flows from the USA across the Atlantic to Europe, impacting the climate of north-western Europe?

    <p>Gulf Stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary resource is provided by warm currents along coasts like KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa?

    <p>Fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is increasingly used to provide fresh water from seawater, especially in arid regions?

    <p>Desalination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What poses a serious threat to marine biodiversity and has led to initiatives like the South African Sustainable Seafood Initiative?

    <p>Overfishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a renewable energy resource provided by oceans?

    <p>Geothermal energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do warm ocean currents influence climate patterns?

    <p>By heating the air above them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Boiling and reverse osmosis' are processes involved in which aspect of ocean resources, mentioned as energy-intensive and costly?

    <p><strong>Desalination</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key physical cause of floods according to the text?

    <p>Rapid snow melting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does urbanization impact flood risks?

    <p>It accelerates runoff and increases discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What human activity can lead to downstream flooding?

    <p>Faulty dam operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of flooding on society according to the text?

    <p>Spread of water-borne diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor typically shortens lag time and increases discharge in rivers?

    <p>Urbanization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of coastal flooding according to the text?

    <p>Significant damage to coastal areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does debris accumulation contribute to flooding?

    <p>Causes rivers to overflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are early warning systems important in flood risk management?

    <p>To warn residents of impending floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does geographical relief influence flooding?

    <p>Increases flooding risk in low-lying regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of constructing flood defences as part of flood management strategies?

    <p>To prevent overflow and protect against flooding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge posed by climate change to water management in South Africa?

    <p>Longer dry spells and increased flood severity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do dams impact ecosystems in South Africa?

    <p>Cause disruptions in traditional living areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key use of dams in South Africa?

    <p>Supporting hydroelectric power generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do urbanization and human activities impact water quality in South Africa?

    <p>Contribute to increased water pollution and altered river flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge associated with the Free Basic Water policy implementation in South Africa?

    <p>Logistical and financial constraints in rapidly urbanizing areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do municipalities and water boards play a critical role in South Africa's water management?

    <p>To ensure quality water supply and manage local water resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key strategy is mentioned for sustainable water use in South Africa?

    <p>Reducing wastage and recycling water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the government play in enhancing water availability in South Africa?

    <p>'Major projects' like dams and inter-basin water transfers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does agricultural activity have on water quality in South Africa?

    <p>Contributing to water pollution through processes like eutrophication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate change affect predicted runoff variations in South Africa?

    <p>Predicting decreased runoff on the east coast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Census?

    <p>To systematically collect information about every person in a country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do mountainous regions typically have low population densities?

    <p>Challenging living conditions because of rugged terrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to low habitation in desert areas?

    <p>Harsh climate and lack of water and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does population density help in understanding a region?

    <p>By measuring the number of people living per unit area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge faced by densely forested tropical regions in terms of human settlement?

    <p>Inaccessibility issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do cold regions often have low population densities?

    <p>Harsh climate conditions making survival difficult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the birth rate measure?

    <p>The growth potential of a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred if a population pyramid shows a wide base and narrow top?

    <p>Lower life expectancy and higher birth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the rate of natural increase calculated?

    <p>Subtracting the death rate from the birth rate, multiplying by 100, and then dividing by 1,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the life expectancy of a population?

    <p>Economic conditions and education level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to analyze trends in birth rates, death rates, and life expectancy from population pyramids?

    <p>To understand how people are distributed across different age groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the fertility rate measure in a population?

    <p>The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are males and females typically represented in a population pyramid?

    <p>Males on the left, females on the right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a natural decrease in a population signify?

    <p>When the death rate exceeds the birth rate, leading to a decline in population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor directly contributes to natural increase in a population?

    <p>'Birth Rate' surpassing 'Death Rate'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What insights can be obtained by analyzing trends in fertility rates?

    <p>Reproductive behavior within different age groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary factors driving migration, as outlined in the text?

    <p>Wars and conflicts, bad treatment based on race, religion, or politics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in South Africa has the highest rural population percentage according to the text?

    <p>KwaZulu-Natal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary effects of HIV and AIDS on the economy, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Reduced productivity and increased healthcare costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the movements of migrant laborers as described in the text?

    <p>Back-and-forth movements for short-term opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Southern African region experienced a decrease in HIV infection rates from 2002 to 2008?

    <p>Western Cape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common challenges faced by immigrants and refugees as described in the text?

    <p>Hostility and discrimination based on job competition and resource strain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of migrants leaving economically active roles in rural areas?

    <p>Neglected farms, decreased productivity, and economic decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates HIV from AIDS according to the text?

    <p>'HIV' is the virus that leads to 'AIDS'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What main factors contribute to urbanization as described in the text?

    <p>Rural-urban migration and better economic prospects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily contributes to the destabilization of families due to HIV and AIDS?

    <p>The loss of income and higher healthcare expenses caused by illness and death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state of water on Earth is characterized by its fluidity and ability to conform to the shape of its container?

    <p>Liquid Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which water returns from the atmosphere to the surface of the Earth in the hydrological cycle?

    <p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is most affected by HIV and AIDS according to the text?

    <p>20-49 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of fresh water on Earth according to the text?

    <p>Icecaps and Glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of higher infection rates in women than men due to HIV and AIDS?

    <p>Rise in child-headed households</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the hydrological cycle, what process involves evaporation from water bodies and transpiration from plants?

    <p>Evapotranspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Ice' being less dense than liquid water leading to it floating is due to:

    <p>Water expansion during freezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Water Vapor' condenses into clouds primarily through:

    <p>'Water Vapor' cooling down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Fresh Water' distribution on Earth includes:

    <p>'Icecaps and Glaciers', 'Groundwater', and 'Surface Water'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major concern associated with the demographic impact of HIV and AIDS on Southern Africa?

    <p>Rise in child-headed households</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key human activity that can increase the severity and frequency of floods?

    <p>Deforestation and poor farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can significantly accelerate runoff in urban areas, thereby increasing flood risks?

    <p>Implementing efficient drainage systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical factor can cause rivers to overflow in low-lying areas?

    <p>Obstructions in water flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hydrographs help in understanding river discharge over time?

    <p>By illustrating how river discharge changes during storm events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the characteristics of flood risk management strategies?

    <p>Building early warning systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does geographical relief contribute to flooding vulnerability in certain areas?

    <p>By making low-lying areas more susceptible to flooding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does debris accumulation play in causing floods?

    <p>Causing rivers to overflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does urbanization affect lag time and river discharge rates according to the text?

    <p>Urbanization shortens lag time and increases discharge rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major physical cause of coastal flooding mentioned in the text?

    <p>Onshore winds and high tides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the impacts of floods on society according to the text?

    <p>Intensification of water-borne diseases like cholera and malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason oceans play a crucial role in influencing climate patterns?

    <p>They heat or cool the air above them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor driving surface currents in the world's oceans?

    <p>Wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ocean current flows from the USA across the Atlantic to Europe, impacting north-western European climate?

    <p>Gulf Stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cold ocean currents influence climate patterns?

    <p>By cooling the air, leading to drier conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which force causes water to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere, influencing ocean currents?

    <p>Coriolis effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant economic activity associated with warm ocean currents attracting tourists along coasts like KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa?

    <p>Fishing industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of overfishing quotas and sustainability initiatives like the South African Sustainable Seafood Initiative (SASSI)?

    <p>To conserve marine biodiversity and prevent overexploitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic activity benefits significantly from nutrient-rich cold waters of currents like the Benguela?

    <p>Fishing industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major threat to marine biodiversity that has led to initiatives such as fishing quotas and sustainability measures?

    <p>Overfishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are desalination processes like boiling and reverse osmosis considered energy-intensive and costly?

    <p>The processes need significant energy input for freshwater production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key challenge predicted by climate change for water management in South Africa?

    <p>Longer dry spells with more frequent floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable impact of dams on ecosystems, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Disruption in traditional living areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do urbanization and human activities primarily affect water quality according to the text?

    <p>Contributing to eutrophication and increased runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge related to the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy implementation mentioned in the text?

    <p>Difficulties in effective policy implementation due to logistical constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the strategies mentioned in the text for sustainable water use?

    <p>Reducing wastage and recycling water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do small river systems in South Africa compare to other major African rivers?

    <p>Relatively smaller in size compared to major African rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of municipalities in South Africa's water management, according to the text?

    <p>Buying, purifying, and distributing water to the populace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor affecting water availability and quality related to land use as per the text?

    <p>Altered river flows resulting from agricultural practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable impact of climate change on rivers in South Africa, as stated in the text?

    <p>Predicted decrease in river stream flow in some areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following strategies is mentioned for sustainable water use based on the text?

    <p>Restoring wetlands and removing invasive vegetation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the 'population explosion' since 1800?

    <p>Advancements in medicine reducing death rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by urbanization leading to decreased birth rates and continuing low death rates?

    <p>Stage 3 - Late Expanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is provided as an example of high population density but not considered overpopulated due to rising living standards?

    <p>Netherlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a population pyramid in the 'Expanding' stage according to the text?

    <p>Wide base reflecting high birth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Population Distribution refer to?

    <p>How people are spread across the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do Mountainous Regions often have low population densities?

    <p>Challenging living conditions and rugged terrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Census?

    <p>To collect demographic information about every person in a country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to low habitation in Desert Areas?

    <p>Harsh climate and lack of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do Cold Regions struggle with high population densities?

    <p>Extreme weather conditions make survival difficult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Population Density help in understanding regions?

    <p>By measuring the number of people per unit area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Natural Increase' in a population signify?

    <p>Population growth due to more births than deaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor primarily influences the fertility rate of a population?

    <p>Cultural norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the 'Life Expectancy' of a population determined?

    <p>By assessing the number of years a person is expected to live based on current mortality levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do population pyramids typically illustrate?

    <p>The percentage of population within each age group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary influence on death rates in a population according to the text?

    <p>Nutritional standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are birth rates and death rates calculated?

    <p>By multiplying by 1000 and dividing by total population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main influence on the shape of population pyramids in LEDCs?

    <p>High birth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Natural Decrease' in a population occurs when:

    <p>'Death Rate' exceeds 'Birth Rate'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key metric helps understand the growth potential of a population?

    <p>'Birth Rate'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do 'Population Pyramids' graphically display?

    <p>Age and gender breakdown of a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of migration is characterized by leaving due to compulsion without a choice?

    <p>Forced migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered a 'push factor' for migration?

    <p>Better employment opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the movement of people from rural to urban areas in LEDCs?

    <p>Urbanization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in South Africa has the highest percentage of its population living in rural areas?

    <p>KwaZulu-Natal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most severe stage of HIV infection where the immune system is severely compromised?

    <p>AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which Southern African country is HIV NOT a leading cause of death?

    <p>Namibia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does AIDS have on healthcare facilities in regions with high infection rates?

    <p>Greater demand for AIDS-related treatment overwhelming facilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which South African province experienced a decrease in HIV infection rates between 2002 and 2008?

    <p>Western Cape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does HIV and AIDS have on the workforce in Southern Africa?

    <p>Significant losses in productivity due to illness and death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the overall economic decline in regions with high HIV infection rates?

    <p>Reduced productivity and increased healthcare costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of oxygen production from oceans?

    <p>Algae and plankton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ocean current flows from the USA across the Atlantic to Europe, influencing the climate of north-western Europe?

    <p>Gulf Stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant problem associated with overfishing mentioned in the text?

    <p>Decrease in marine biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily drives surface currents in the oceans?

    <p>Wind patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of desalination processes mentioned in the text?

    <p>Produce freshwater from seawater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ocean current along the east coast of South Africa is warm and influences local climate and marine life?

    <p>Agulhas Current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique characteristic of cold ocean currents influences air conditions according to the text?

    <p>Dries the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do warm ocean currents impact the air above them?

    <p>Heat the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant economic activity associated with warm currents like the Gulf Stream?

    <p>Tourism industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary threat to marine biodiversity due to human activities in oceans?

    <p>Overfishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hydrological (water) cycle described in the text?

    <p>Maintaining Earth's weather and climate systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of water distribution on Earth, where is most of the fresh water found?

    <p>Locked up in icecaps and glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significant impact of HIV and AIDS on population demographics as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Reduction in the productive age group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does ice float in liquid water according to the text?

    <p>Due to the expansion of water molecules when freezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary form of precipitation mentioned in the text?

    <p>Rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the broader impacts of the HIV and AIDS epidemic mentioned in the text?

    <p>Rise in orphaned children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key physical cause of floods according to the text?

    <p>Low-lying areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do human activities like deforestation and poor farming impact flooding?

    <p>Decrease water infiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of flood hydrographs that influences flood potential?

    <p>Lag Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which flood management strategy involves establishing early warning systems and providing flood risk education?

    <p>Specific Area Strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can urban areas mitigate flood risks based on the text?

    <p>Improving drainage systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of flooding is caused by strong onshore winds combined with high tides or storm surges from cyclones?

    <p>Coastal Flooding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can policy development contribute to effective flood management?

    <p>Implementing land-use policies in known flood-prone areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the characteristics of floods that can impact society according to the text?

    <p>Impact on Society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge faced by South Africa concerning water management discussed in the text?

    <p>Impact of urbanization on water quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a predicted impact of climate change on water management in South Africa?

    <p>Decreased rainfall and longer dry spells in certain regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key role of municipalities in South Africa regarding water management?

    <p>Buying, purifying, and distributing water to the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do dams in South Africa impact settlements and ecosystems according to the text?

    <p>Contributing to water pollution and disrupting ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes South African rivers compared to other major African rivers as per the text?

    <p>Relatively small size in comparison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a strategy mentioned in the text for sustainable water use in South Africa?

    <p>Restoring wetlands and removing vegetation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does drought impact South Africa's rivers according to the text?

    <p>'Day Zero' conditions reducing water flow significantly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Free Basic Water (FBW)' policy entitle households to in South Africa?

    <p>6,000 liters of free water per month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of dams in South Africa on ecosystems as per the text?

    <p>Disrupting ecosystems, leading to biodiversity loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to low population densities in densely forested tropical regions?

    <p>Limited land available for human settlements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key driver of the global population explosion since 1800?

    <p>Advancements in medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of countries does about 95% of the global population growth occur?

    <p>Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which stage of the Demographic Transition Model do birth rates fall further due to priorities shifting towards education and careers over family expansion?

    <p>Stage 5 Declining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do population structures corresponding to Stage 3-4 in the Demographic Transition Model differ from those in Stages 1-2?

    <p>They have narrower bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a country as overpopulated according to the text?

    <p>High population density and decreasing living standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is highlighted in the text for being overpopulated despite having low density due to falling living standards?

    <p>Somalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how many people is the world adding annually based on the information provided?

    <p>90 million people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the projected global population by the year 2050 as per the text?

    <p>$9$ billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Declining' population structures have an even narrower base than which other type of structure mentioned in the text?

    <p>'Expanding' structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

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