Introduction to Genetics
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Questions and Answers

What is the combination of alleles found in an organism?

  • Phenotype
  • Mutant alleles
  • Wild-type phenotype
  • Genotype (correct)

    • What is responsible for preserving, copying and transmitting information within cells and from generation to generation?

  • Nucleic acids
  • DNA (correct)
  • RNA
  • Protein

    • What is the name of the molecule that is used to encode genetic information for all life on Earth?

  • DNA (correct)
  • Protein
  • RNA
  • Nucleic acids

    • What is the visible expression of the genotype?

    <p>Phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the genetic material of all cellular organisms and most viruses?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the most common or generally accepted standard?

    <p>Wild-type phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of DNA?

    <p>Double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of genetics?

    <p>Important to individuals, to society, and to the study of biology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of nucleic acid that performs a wide range of functions within cells?

    <p>RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an allele?

    <p>Alternative forms of a gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genotype?

    <p>The set of alleles for a given trait carried by an organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a dominant allele?

    <p>It is expressed even if it is paired with a recessive allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a recessive allele?

    <p>It is only visible when paired with another recessive allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Thomas Hunt Morgan use to study genetics?

    <p>Fruit flies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of genetic variation?

    <p>The variant eye color gene discovered in Drosophila</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern of genetics?

    <p>The study of genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nitrogen-containing base found in RNA but not in DNA?

    <p>Uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sugar molecule found in DNA?

    <p>Deoxyribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the two strands of DNA held together?

    <p>By hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of DNA?

    <p>Double-stranded with a double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the number of purines and pyrimidines in DNA?

    <p>The number of purines always equals the number of pyrimidines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of complementary base pairing in DNA?

    <p>To hold the two strands of DNA together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the backbone of a nucleic acid strand composed of?

    <p>Alternating sugar-phosphate molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of dehydration synthesis reactions in nucleic acid formation?

    <p>A linear molecule called a strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Genetics

    • Genetics is important to individuals, society, and the study of biology
    • Genetic variation is the difference in the characteristics of individuals within a species

    Alleles and Genotype

    • An allele is an alternative form of a gene
    • Different alleles can produce differences in the observable features (phenotype) of an organism
    • The set of alleles for a given trait carried by an organism is called the genotype
    • Thomas Hunt Morgan used the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) to study genetics

    Dominant vs. Recessive

    • A dominant allele is expressed even if it is paired with a recessive allele
    • A recessive allele is only visible when paired with another recessive allele

    Chromosomes

    • Every gene has its place (locus) on a chromosome
    • Genotype is the combination of alleles found in an organism
    • Phenotype is the visible expression of the genotype
    • Wild-type phenotype is the most common or generally accepted standard
    • Mutant alleles are usually recessive

    DNA Structure

    • DNA is a double helix molecule composed of two strands held together by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen-containing bases
    • The backbone of the DNA strand is composed of alternating sugar-phosphate molecules
    • Adenine (purine) makes hydrogen bonds with thymine (pyrimidine)
    • Cytosine (pyrimidine) makes hydrogen bonds with guanine (purine)
    • The bonding between the nitrogen-containing bases in DNA is referred to as complementary base pairing

    Nucleic Acids

    • Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides
    • Two varieties of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)
    • DNA stores genetic information and is responsible for preserving, copying, and transmitting information within cells and from generation to generation
    • RNA performs a wide range of functions within cells, including protein synthesis and regulation of gene expression

    Structure of a Nucleotide

    • Each nucleotide is composed of three parts: a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base
    • There are five types of nucleotides found in nucleic acids
    • DNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, while RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil

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    Description

    This quiz introduces the basics of genetics, exploring its importance to individuals, society, and the study of biology.

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