Introduction to Genetics in Medicine

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Questions and Answers

What term is used to describe traits that are determined by one or more genes and environmental factors?

  • Mendelian traits
  • Monogenic traits
  • Polygenic traits (correct)
  • Karyotype traits

Which scientist is credited with discovering the patterns of trait transmission?

  • Rosalind Franklin
  • Charles Darwin
  • Francis Crick
  • Gregor Mendel (correct)

How many copies of the genome do somatic cells, except red blood cells, typically contain?

  • Three copies
  • One copy
  • Four copies
  • Two copies (correct)

Which process drives the specialization of distinctive cell types in the human body?

<p>Gene expression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells provide a reserve supply for organ growth and repair in the body?

<p>Stem cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is most closely related to a trait caused predominantly by a single gene?

<p>Dominant trait (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of precision medicine?

<p>Preventing and treating diseases based on individual differences in gene variants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an opportunity in genetics research for medicine?

<p>Documenting familial memories and stories (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of genes in heredity?

<p>Transmitting information between generations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In genetics, what do DNA sequences primarily help determine?

<p>Inherited traits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of genetics research focuses on how people are related and where their ancestors lived?

<p>Genetic genealogy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do genes consist of?

<p>Long molecules of DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe a change in a gene that can lead to a disease?

<p>Mutation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is inserted instead of glycine due to the mutation in the CFTR gene?

<p>Aspartic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell?

<p>46 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes variants in a gene's DNA base sequence between individuals?

<p>Alleles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two chromosomes that determine an individual's sex known as?

<p>Sex chromosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what form are chromosomes present when a cell is not dividing?

<p>Unwound within the nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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