Introduction to Genetics in Medicine
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Questions and Answers

What term is used to describe traits that are determined by one or more genes and environmental factors?

  • Mendelian traits
  • Monogenic traits
  • Polygenic traits (correct)
  • Karyotype traits
  • Which scientist is credited with discovering the patterns of trait transmission?

  • Rosalind Franklin
  • Charles Darwin
  • Francis Crick
  • Gregor Mendel (correct)
  • How many copies of the genome do somatic cells, except red blood cells, typically contain?

  • Three copies
  • One copy
  • Four copies
  • Two copies (correct)
  • Which process drives the specialization of distinctive cell types in the human body?

    <p>Gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells provide a reserve supply for organ growth and repair in the body?

    <p>Stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is most closely related to a trait caused predominantly by a single gene?

    <p>Dominant trait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of precision medicine?

    <p>Preventing and treating diseases based on individual differences in gene variants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered an opportunity in genetics research for medicine?

    <p>Documenting familial memories and stories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of genes in heredity?

    <p>Transmitting information between generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In genetics, what do DNA sequences primarily help determine?

    <p>Inherited traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of genetics research focuses on how people are related and where their ancestors lived?

    <p>Genetic genealogy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do genes consist of?

    <p>Long molecules of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe a change in a gene that can lead to a disease?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is inserted instead of glycine due to the mutation in the CFTR gene?

    <p>Aspartic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell?

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes variants in a gene's DNA base sequence between individuals?

    <p>Alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two chromosomes that determine an individual's sex known as?

    <p>Sex chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form are chromosomes present when a cell is not dividing?

    <p>Unwound within the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

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