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Questions and Answers
What is one of Dr. Tewolde Berhan Gebre Egziabher's notable achievements?
What is one of Dr. Tewolde Berhan Gebre Egziabher's notable achievements?
Which of the following topics does not relate to human physiology as mentioned in the content?
Which of the following topics does not relate to human physiology as mentioned in the content?
What is the primary focus of the natural science disciplines discussed?
What is the primary focus of the natural science disciplines discussed?
Which statement regarding Indigenous knowledge is true?
Which statement regarding Indigenous knowledge is true?
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What issue is raised in Activity 1.5 about science?
What issue is raised in Activity 1.5 about science?
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Which of the following accurately describes Indigenous Science?
Which of the following accurately describes Indigenous Science?
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What is one of the contributions made by Ethiopian scientists in the field of medicine?
What is one of the contributions made by Ethiopian scientists in the field of medicine?
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Which branch of science primarily focuses on living organisms and their interactions with the environment?
Which branch of science primarily focuses on living organisms and their interactions with the environment?
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How does the development of science and technology impact societal beliefs?
How does the development of science and technology impact societal beliefs?
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What is an important ethical consideration in scientific investigations?
What is an important ethical consideration in scientific investigations?
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Study Notes
Introduction to General Science
- General science is about everyday life topics
- The nature of science and branches of science are covered.
The Nature of Science and its Branches
- Science is a body of knowledge plus the processes to expand that knowledge.
- Indigenous Science and Conventional Science are different.
- Science has main branches.
- The branches of science are intertwined.
- Science and technology affect our beliefs, practices, and thought processes.
- Ethiopian and International scientists have made significant contributions.
- Scientific values are important in decision-making and problem-solving.
- Ethical considerations are vital in scientific research.
Why Indigenous Knowledge in Science?
- Indigenous knowledge helps us understand different cultures' identities.
- It allows us to link indigenous knowledge with Western science (to learn to solve practical problems).
- Indigenous people have used traditional methods to treat diseases and preserve food. Examples: extractions of medicinal chemicals from plants and preserving meat.
Branches of Science
- Science includes natural and social sciences.
- Natural sciences study nature examples: Chemistry, Biology, and Physics.
- Biology is the study of living things.
- Chemistry is the study of the properties, composition, structure, and transformation of substances.
- Physics is the study of matter, energy, and their interactions.
- Biophysics relates biology to physics.
- Biochemistry combines biology and chemistry, studying the chemical processes in living organisms.
Science and Technology
- Technology is the use of scientific knowledge to enhance human lives and work.
- Examples of technology include automobiles, TVs, computers, etc.
Science and Technology Relationship
- Science and technology are not identical.
- They function as interconnected concepts and processes (each having distinctive roles).
- Science aims to develop knowledge about the world, and technology develops practical solutions for problems.
Uses of Science and Technology for the Society
- Science and technology are vital elements in everyday life.
- They produce materials with desirable properties and qualities.
- They are used in agriculture, medicine, and various modern industries.
Famous Scientists
- Scientists methodically gather and share knowledge.
- They make hypotheses and test them.
- Key contributors included Marie Curie, Isaac Newton, Michael Faraday, and Albert Einstein
Activities and Exercises
- Students should do these activities together with the given instructions.
Key Words
- Science
- Technology
- Ethical standards
- Indigenous knowledge
- Branches of sciences
- Natural Sciences
- Social Sciences
- Lab equipment.
- Safety Rules
Scientific Procedures and Ethical Considerations
- Scientists must adhere to ethical standards.
- Duty to society, beneficence, conflict of interest, informed consent, and integrity are all key ethical standards for scientists.
- Non-discrimination is important as well for scientists
Different Laboratory Tools and their use
- Triple beam balance: measuring mass.
- Beaker: holding liquids (heating).
- Tongs: Handling hot beakers or crucibles.
- Thermometer: measuring temperature.
- Test tubes: holding smaller amounts of liquids.
- Petri dish: growing or counting bacteria.
- Graduated cylinder: measuring volume.
- Bunsen burner: heating lab objects
Laboratory Safety Rules
- Appropriate attire (goggles, gloves, shoes, and lab coats).
- Tie back loose hair.
- Know locations of safety equipment like fire extinguishers.
- Recognize and follow all safety instructions.
- Be careful with chemicals, and all scientific materials.
Writing a Laboratory Report
- A lab report needs a title, date, introduction, objective, theory, materials, procedure, observation, findings, conclusion, discussion, and references, all done in a clear, well-written format.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
- Substancs have physical and chemical properties.
- Physical properties are observables without changing a substance.
- Examples: color, odor, taste, melting point, density, conductivity.
- Chemical properties describe how a substance changes or resists changes. It cannot be determined by simply looking at the substance.
- Melting point, boiling point, flammability, and reactivity.
Classification of Substances
- Substances are classified as either pure substances or mixtures.
- Pure substances (elements and compounds) have fixed compositions.
- Mixtures are combinations of two or more pure substances (homogeneous and heterogeneous).
General Types of Mixtures
- Homogeneous mixtures (solutions): uniform composition (e.g., salt water).
- Heterogeneous mixtures : non-uniform composition (e.g., sand and water).
Changes of State
- Substances change state when heated or cooled (e.g., melting, freezing, sublimation, vaporization, condensation, deposition.)
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of general science, including its nature, branches, and the role of indigenous knowledge. It highlights the significance of scientific values, ethical considerations in research, and the contributions of Ethiopian and international scientists. Test your understanding of how science and technology shape beliefs and practices in our everyday lives.
