CH 2: Fluvial Processes
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Questions and Answers

What landform is typically formed when a river undergoes meandering in its course?

  • Natural levees
  • Braided streams
  • Flood plains
  • Oxbow lakes (correct)

    • What is the landform characterized by multiple interweaving channels separated by bars or islands of sediment?

  • Braided streams (correct)
  • Oxbow lakes
  • Natural levees
  • Flood plains

    • What term refers to the balance between erosion and deposition in a river?

  • River grading (correct)
  • Rejuvenation
  • River capture
  • Antecedent drainage

    • In river capture, what is the name of the river segment diverting the headwaters of another river?

    <p>Captor stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landform is formed from the accumulation of sediment during flood events?

    <p>Natural levees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does rejuvenation of a river occur?

    <p>Due to tectonic uplift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a reduced river flowing in an unusually large valley left behind by a captured stream?

    <p>Misfit stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an antecedent drainage pattern refer to?

    <p>When rivers establish their courses pre-tectonic uplift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is left behind by a diverted river in river capture?

    <p>Wind gap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fluvial geomorphology, what serves as evidence of the river's dynamic nature and constant reshaping of the landscape?

    <p>Oxbow lakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of fluvial geomorphology?

    <p>Analyzing processes and landforms associated with rivers and streams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental factors can rivers respond to?

    <p>Climate, topography, geology, and human activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of valleys do rivers in the upper course typically have?

    <p>V-shaped valleys due to vertical erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the longitudinal profile of a river?

    <p>A side view from source to mouth showing the river's gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does a river's gradient flatten as it progresses towards its mouth?

    <p>As a result of decreased erosion and increased deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the plan view of a river show?

    <p>An aerial perspective showing the river's path</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of understanding fluvial processes?

    <p>Predicting flood risks and managing water resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does lateral erosion lead to in river valleys?

    <p>Expansion of valley width</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a river's valley shape change from upper course to lower course?

    <p>It changes from V-shaped to U-shaped valleys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding fluvial processes important for land management?

    <p>To assist in planning sustainable land use practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process that leads to the formation of meanders in a river?

    <p>Erosion on the outer bank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fluvial geomorphology, what landform is characterized by multiple interweaving channels separated by bars or islands of sediment?

    <p>Braided stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does rejuvenation have on a river's erosive power?

    <p>Increases it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a flat area adjacent to a river that is periodically flooded and highly fertile?

    <p>Flood plain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pattern of drainage occurs when rivers flow across rising terrain without being diverted, cutting through it instead?

    <p>Antecedent drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is left behind by a river after it captures the headwaters of another river?

    <p>Misfit stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does river grading refer to in fluvial geomorphology?

    <p>The balance between erosion and deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can lead to the rejuvenation of a river?

    <p>Increased sediment load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of rivers with braided streams?

    <p>High energy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landform is formed when a meander becomes cut off from the main channel?

    <p>Oxbow lake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do rivers in the middle and lower courses typically transition into in terms of their cross-sectional profiles?

    <p>U-shaped profiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the longitudinal profile of a river illustrate?

    <p>River's gradient or slope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do rivers in the upper course often have steep, V-shaped valleys?

    <p>Due to vertical erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of fluvial geomorphology?

    <p>Investigating rivers and streams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental factors can rivers respond to?

    <p>Topography and geology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding fluvial processes crucial for predicting flood risks?

    <p>To plan sustainable land use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of valley shape do rivers typically exhibit in the lower course?

    <p>U-shaped valleys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rivers exhibit imbalances between erosion and deposition due to factors like tectonic uplift or variations in sediment load?

    <p>Ungraded rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fluvial geomorphology, what process leads to the formation of terraces, knickpoints, and incised meanders?

    <p>Rejuvenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of valleys are left behind by diverted rivers in river capture, resulting from the diverted river's path?

    <p>Wind gaps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landform is characterized by raised banks formed from the accumulation of sediment during flood events?

    <p>Natural levee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a river system that cuts through underlying strata, maintaining its original course despite differences in rock hardness?

    <p>Superimposed drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature represents a point where a captor stream diverts the flow of a captured stream in river capture processes?

    <p>Elbow of capture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is typically exhibited by rivers with braided streams?

    <p>Interweaving channels separated by sediment bars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a graded river, what state of equilibrium has been achieved between erosion and deposition?

    <p>'Stable' state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landform is evidence of a river's dynamic nature and constant reshaping of the landscape?

    <p>Oxbow lake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the process where rivers establish their courses before tectonic uplift and continue to flow across rising terrain?

    <p>Antecedent drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason behind rivers in the upper course having V-shaped valleys?

    <p>Vertical erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the cross-sectional profile of a river change as it moves from the upper course to the lower course?

    <p>The valleys become broader and shallower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the concave up shape of a river's longitudinal profile?

    <p>Transition from vertical to lateral erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of valley shape do rivers in the lower course typically exhibit?

    <p>U-shaped valleys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of rivers' cross-sectional profiles changes due to the dominance of lateral erosion in the middle and lower courses?

    <p>Depth decreases, width increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do rivers exhibit a concave up longitudinal profile?

    <p>Reflecting transition from rapid erosion to deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental factor plays a significant role in shaping rivers' cross-sectional profiles?

    <p>Topography variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes rivers in terms of their longitudinal profile as they progress towards their mouths?

    <p>The gradient flattens out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do rivers in the middle and lower courses have broader valleys compared to those in the upper course?

    <p>Dominance of lateral erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of landform is typically observed when rivers undergo meandering along their course?

    <p>Oxbow lakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of fluvial geomorphology?

    <p>Examining how flowing water interacts with the landscape and shapes the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is typically exhibited by rivers with braided streams?

    <p>Multiple narrow channels separated by bars or islands of sediment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do rivers in the upper course often have steep, V-shaped valleys?

    <p>Caused by rapid erosion processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the process where rivers establish their courses before tectonic uplift and continue to flow across rising terrain?

    <p>Antecedent drainage pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of rivers with meandering paths?

    <p>Curving paths due to lateral erosion and deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a river's cross-sectional profile, what changes as lateral erosion becomes dominant in the middle and lower courses?

    <p>Valleys become broader and shallower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a river's longitudinal profile typically illustrate from source to mouth?

    <p>Concave up shape reflecting erosion-deposition balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a river capturing the headwaters of another, resulting in significant changes in drainage patterns?

    <p>Stream Piracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do natural levees act as during flood events?

    <p>Flood Retainers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fluvial geomorphology, what is the term for the process where a river's erosive power increases due to various factors?

    <p>River Rejuvenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do oxbow lakes serve as evidence of?

    <p>Dynamic River Behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of valley shape is typically left behind by a diverted river in river capture processes?

    <p>Wind Gap Valley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landform is characterized by multiple interweaving channels separated by bars or islands of sediment?

    <p>Braided Stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a river system that maintains its original course despite variations in underlying rock hardness?

    <p>Superimposed Drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature represents the point where a captor stream diverts the flow of a captured stream in river capture processes?

    <p>Elbow of Capture</p> Signup and view all the answers

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