Introduction to Fluid Properties

<p>The pressure on the concave side is higher. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A water droplet resting on a leaf (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diameter of the tube. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surface tension decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability of a liquid to spread over a solid surface. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Associated with motion and external effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thermal energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cavitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases with temperature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases with temperature and becomes zero at the critical point. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The attractive force between the molecules of the liquid acting parallel to the surface. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It usually has a negligible effect on surface tension. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surface tension becomes zero. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molecules can oppose cohesive forces more strongly at higher temperatures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two parallel flat plates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sonic speed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When Mach number is significantly greater than 1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speed of sound increases as temperature increases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is adiabatic and reversible, maintaining constant entropy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The resistance to deformation and flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When Ma is significantly less than 1/3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drag force (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid viscosity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The temperature at which a pure substance changes phase at a given pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$ ho = rac{P}{RT}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The partial pressure of the vapor equals the vapor pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destruction of impeller blades (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pressure exerted by a vapor in phase equilibrium with a liquid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It must equal the vapor pressure when both vapor and liquid are present in equilibrium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure optimal performance of pumps and turbines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creates destructive pressure waves upon bubble collapse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bulk modulus of elasticity analogous to solids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incompressible fluids at varying temperatures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It varies depending on the fluid's properties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>α is the reciprocal of κ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$κ = \frac{ρ(\partial P/\partial \rho)}{T}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>β = $\frac{R}{Pv}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isothermal compressibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When dealing with finite changes in density (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mass per unit volume of a substance.

Ratio of a substance's density to the density of water at 4°C.

Pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid at a given temperature.

Temperature at which a pure substance changes phase at a given pressure.

Pressure at which a pure substance changes phase at a given temperature.

Formation of vapor bubbles in a liquid due to low pressure; can cause damage.

Pressure of an individual gas in a mixture of gases.

State where the vapor pressure equals the partial pressure of the vapor in a system.

Energy can exist in thermal, mechanical, kinetic, potential, electrical, magnetic, chemical, and nuclear forms.

Energy related to molecular structure and activity; contributes to internal energy (U).

The sum of all microscopic forms of energy in a system, denoted by U or u per unit mass.

Energy related to motion and external effects such as gravity, includes kinetic and potential energy.

Energy possessed by a system due to its motion, a form of macroscopic energy.

Total energy of a flowing fluid per unit mass in a compressible system.

A measure of a fluid's ability to compress, inversely related to the bulk modulus.

A property measuring a fluid's resistance to uniform compression.

Inverse of the coefficient of compressibility; measures density change under constant temperature.

Describes how the density of a fluid changes with temperature at constant pressure.

Relates pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas: PV=nRT.

Fluids whose density changes significantly under pressure or temperature changes.

Fluids (like liquids) whose density does not change significantly with pressure.

The speed at which a pressure wave travels through a medium.

The ratio of the flow speed to the speed of sound in the same medium.

Flow condition when the Mach number (Ma) equals 1.

Flow condition when the Mach number (Ma) is less than 1.

Flow condition when the Mach number (Ma) is greater than 1.

Flow condition when the Mach number (Ma) is significantly greater than 1.

A process that is both adiabatic and reversible, where pressure remains constant.

A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow or deformation; reflects internal friction.

Viscosity of liquids decreases as temperature increases.

Viscosity of gases increases as temperature increases.

The force acting on the surface of a liquid due to intermolecular forces.

Surface tension is expressed in N/m or J/m².

Surface tension varies by substance and decreases with temperature.

The temperature at which a liquid's surface tension becomes zero.

The tension at the boundary between different phases (like liquid and gas).

The difference in pressure across a curved liquid interface, higher on the concave side.

The rise or fall of liquid in a small-diameter tube due to surface tension.

The curved shape of a liquid's surface in a container, influenced by surface tension and container walls.

The angle formed between the liquid surface and the solid boundary at the contact point.

Forces between like molecules that contribute to surface tension.

Forces between unlike molecules that act at the interface of a liquid and a surface.

An equation used to calculate the height of liquid rise in a capillary tube based on various forces.