Introduction to Fiber Optics Concepts

What is the refractive index (n) of a medium if the velocity of light in vacuum is $3 \times 10^8$ m/s and the velocity in the medium is $2 \times 10^8$ m/s?

What type of fiber is characterized by a uniform refractive index throughout its core?

Which type of loss occurs due to the variation of light speeds in different mediums along the fiber?

What is the main cause of Rayleigh scattering in optical fibers?

Which type of optical fiber would typically have lower modal dispersion?

What is the primary purpose of optical fibers in telecommunications?

What effect does microbending have on optical fibers?

What is classified as intrinsic absorption in optical fibers?

What is the phenomenon called when light is completely reflected back into the same medium?

Which angle corresponds to the maximum angle of incidence for total internal reflection?

What is the formula for numerical aperture (N A) in terms of refractive indices?

How is the acceptance angle (θa) related to numerical aperture (N A)?

What does a V-number greater than 2.405 indicate about a fiber?

Which type of optical fiber features a uniform refractive index across its core?

Which characteristic defines a graded index fiber?

What factor does the V-parameter depend on?

What is the minimum value for the refractive index of any medium?

What does the relative refractive index represent?

According to Snell's law, when light travels from a medium with a lower refractive index to one with a higher refractive index, how does the light beam behave?

What occurs when the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle?

What is the expression for the critical angle in terms of refractive indices?

If light is traveling from a medium with a refractive index of 1.5 to one with 1.33, what will happen at the interface?

Which of the following statements regarding the refractive index is correct?

How is the relative refractive index difference calculated?

What is the phenomenon called when different waves in a light pulse deviate from each other during propagation in an optical fiber?

What type of loss is caused by the absorption of light energy by the material of the optical fiber itself?

In the given formula for attenuation in optical fiber, what does Po represent?

Which type of absorption loss depends on unwanted foreign molecules present in the fiber medium?

What is the range of wavelengths where silica glass is transparent, according to the absorption spectrum?

What occurs due to the wavelength dependent nature of the refractive index in optical fibers?

Which formula correctly represents the relationship for attenuation in optical fibers?

Which of the following is not a type of loss that occurs in optical fibers?

What type of loss occurs due to small defects at the core-cladding interface formed during manufacturing?

Which type of bending loss can typically be avoided during fiber installation?

What distinguishes scattering from reflection in optical fibers?

Rayleigh scattering is most accurately described as occurring due to the interaction of light waves with which type of particles?

Which of the following is NOT a known application of optical fibers?

What type of scattering occurs due to irregularities in the fiber structure?

Bending loss is primarily caused by what aspect of optical fibers?

Microbending loss may arise from which of the following issues?