Introduction to Eukaryotes and Yeasts

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In the context of oxidative metabolism and atmospheric O2, what provided a selective advantage for organisms?

Increase in CO2 levels

Decrease in atmospheric O2

Decrease in nitrogen levels

Increase in atmospheric O2 (correct)

What is the consequence of the release of O2 as a result of photosynthesis?

It led to the development of oxidative metabolism. (correct)

It caused extreme environments to disappear.

It led to the development of anaerobic glycolysis.

It had no impact on cellular evolution.

What is a significant feature of oxidative metabolism compared to anaerobic glycolysis?

Much more efficient energy generation (correct)

Decreased cell complexity

Reduced reactivity of molecules

Formation of more ATP molecules

Which statement is true about the energy yield from glucose breakdown?

Energy equivalent to 36 to 38 molecules of ATP is produced. Signup and view all the answers

What type of reactions do present-day cells primarily use as their energy source?

Oxidative reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which group of prokaryotes includes bacteria living in extreme environments?

Archaebacteria Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes yeasts from bacteria?

Size Signup and view all the answers

Which unicellular eukaryote is mentioned as a large, complex cell that uses pseudopodia for movement?

Amoeba proteus Signup and view all the answers

Which unicellular eukaryote contains chloroplasts and can carry out photosynthesis?

Volvox Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many base pairs of DNA does Saccharomyces cerevisiae contain?

12 million base pairs Signup and view all the answers

What evolutionary transition is seen in algae like Volvox?

Evolution from single cells to multicellular colonies Signup and view all the answers

What sets unicellular eukaryotes apart from multicellular organisms?

Complexity of cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus mentioned in the text?

Protein transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Determining cell shape and providing structural framework Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton mentioned in the text?

Polysaccharide synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What event is considered a very early occurrence in evolution according to the text?

Divergence of archaebacteria, eubacteria, and eukaryotes from a common ancestor Signup and view all the answers

When did eukaryotic cells develop according to the text?

2.7 billion years ago Signup and view all the answers

What does the cytoskeleton determine in a cell?

Cell shape Signup and view all the answers