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Who is considered the father of modern ethics?
Who is considered the father of modern ethics?
What is the origin of the word 'Ethics'?
What is the origin of the word 'Ethics'?
What is the primary focus of philosophical ethics?
What is the primary focus of philosophical ethics?
What is the significance of ethics in human society?
What is the significance of ethics in human society?
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What is the young man's initial reason for taking a leave of absence from pilot training?
What is the young man's initial reason for taking a leave of absence from pilot training?
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What is the professional duty of the pilot in this scenario?
What is the professional duty of the pilot in this scenario?
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What is the consequence of the pilot's failure to report his health condition?
What is the consequence of the pilot's failure to report his health condition?
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What is the primary focus of ethics in this scenario?
What is the primary focus of ethics in this scenario?
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In the case of the young pilot, why did the health care providers not report his condition to his employers?
In the case of the young pilot, why did the health care providers not report his condition to his employers?
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What is the primary concern in the pilot's case, aside from his medical condition?
What is the primary concern in the pilot's case, aside from his medical condition?
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Which branch of philosophy deals with questions like 'What is good and what is bad?'
Which branch of philosophy deals with questions like 'What is good and what is bad?'
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What is the primary focus of Descriptive/Speculative Philosophy?
What is the primary focus of Descriptive/Speculative Philosophy?
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Which branch of philosophy reflects upon truth in relation to action?
Which branch of philosophy reflects upon truth in relation to action?
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What is the primary goal of Critical Philosophy?
What is the primary goal of Critical Philosophy?
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What is the main difference between Normative Philosophy and Descriptive/Speculative Philosophy?
What is the main difference between Normative Philosophy and Descriptive/Speculative Philosophy?
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What is the primary characteristic of ethics as a philosophical science?
What is the primary characteristic of ethics as a philosophical science?
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What is the focus of ethics in relation to morality?
What is the focus of ethics in relation to morality?
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What is the primary concern of morality?
What is the primary concern of morality?
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Which philosopher believed that morality is based on pleasure and happiness?
Which philosopher believed that morality is based on pleasure and happiness?
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What is the primary reason for morality according to Friedrich Nietzsche?
What is the primary reason for morality according to Friedrich Nietzsche?
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What is the primary concern of epistemology?
What is the primary concern of epistemology?
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What is the focus of morality in relation to ethics?
What is the focus of morality in relation to ethics?
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What is the main argument from those who are against abortion?
What is the main argument from those who are against abortion?
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Which philosopher believed that morality is based on the fear of punishment?
Which philosopher believed that morality is based on the fear of punishment?
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What is one of the reasons why people want to be moral?
What is one of the reasons why people want to be moral?
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What is the primary focus of ethics as a normative science?
What is the primary focus of ethics as a normative science?
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What is the focus of Lao-tzu and Confucius' philosophy?
What is the focus of Lao-tzu and Confucius' philosophy?
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What is the study of where our moral and ethical principles come from and what is the meaning behind using them?
What is the study of where our moral and ethical principles come from and what is the meaning behind using them?
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What is the combination of values and character that represents human conduct?
What is the combination of values and character that represents human conduct?
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What is the study of ethical questions specific to practical fields?
What is the study of ethical questions specific to practical fields?
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What is the primary concern of ethics in relation to human conduct?
What is the primary concern of ethics in relation to human conduct?
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What is the main argument from those who are in favour of abortion?
What is the main argument from those who are in favour of abortion?
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Study Notes
History of Ethics
- The known history of pure ethics or ethics (moral) theories began with ancient Greek philosophers and was later recovered by early English positivists.
- Immanuel Kant is considered the father of modern ethics and one of the great philosophers in the history of philosophy.
What is Ethics?
- Ethics is a philosophical science that deals with the morality of human conduct or human acts.
- Ethics is a system of moral principles that includes ideas about right and wrong, and how people should (or should not) behave in general and specific cases.
Importance of Ethics
- Ethics is the backbone of human existence, and without it, there would be a total collapse of the whole human person and the entire human society.
- Ethics is a basic discipline that is relevant in all aspects of human life.
Disciplines in Philosophy
- Descriptive/Speculative Philosophy: deals with the question "What is the nature (essence and substance) of reality?" and beliefs about morality.
- Normative Philosophy: deals with questions like "What is good and what is bad?" and "What is right and what is wrong?"
- Practical Philosophy: reflects upon truth in relation to action, and deals with the application of moral principles.
- Critical Philosophy: deals with the question "What is truth?" and examines the nature of knowledge.
Ethics as a Normative Science
- Ethics systematically establishes standards or norms of human conduct.
- It qualifies human conduct as good or bad, right or wrong.
- Ethics idealistically requires man to do what is good and what is right.
Meta-ethics
- Investigates where our moral and ethical principles come from and what is the meaning behind using them.
Ethical Dimension of Human Existence
- Human conduct is a combined representation of values and character.
- Morality of human conduct deals with goodness/badness and rightness/wrongness.
Applied Ethics
- Deals with ethical questions specific to practical fields, such as bioethics, legal ethics, business ethics, medical ethics, etc.
Ethics vs. Morality
- Ethics: deals with universal principles, what you do, and what society tells us how we should behave.
- Morality: deals with culture-based principles, what you believe, and personal perspective.
Ethics in Different Religions
- Ethics is present in Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Confucianism, Zen Buddhism, and Judaism.
Famous Ethicists
- Immanuel Kant: it is man's rational duty.
- Mill and Bentham: pleasure and happiness.
- Fletcher: it depends upon the situation.
- Kohlberg: fear of punishment.
- Ralph Perry: every human person is a creature of values.
- Beauchamp: as a member of a society, he adopts a moral way of life.
- Lao-tzu and Confucius: man's deepest pleading to be in harmony with nature.
- Socrates/Plato/Aristotle: happiness.
- Hindu: because of man's karma with Brahman.
- Augustine and Aquinas: because there is God.
- Mohammed: because of Allah.
- Friedrich Nietzsche: man could do good even without God.
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Description
This quiz covers the history of ethics, from ancient Greek philosophers to modern ethics, including Immanuel Kant's contribution to moral philosophy.
