Introduction to Engineering Course Overview
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Questions and Answers

What ancient civilization is credited with the construction of the first known aqueduct?

  • Assyrians (correct)
  • Romans
  • Greeks
  • Egyptians

Which structure is recognized as the first pyramid in Egypt?

  • Great Pyramid of Giza
  • Pyramid of Djoser (correct)
  • Bent Pyramid
  • Red Pyramid

The Baghdad Battery is believed to have been used for what purpose in Mesopotamia?

  • Medicine
  • Entertainment
  • Communication
  • Electroplating (correct)

Which ancient civilization is known for building the first lighthouse?

<p>Greeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the term 'electricity'?

<p>William Gilbert (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What innovative construction material did the Romans develop?

<p>Hydraulic cement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which civilization had effective drainage and sanitation systems in the Indus Valley?

<p>Indians (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major engineering achievement is attributed to the Middle Ages?

<p>Construction of Gothic cathedrals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant innovation did the Mesopotamians create around 5500 BCE?

<p>The first wheeled cart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence for a builder if his constructed house caused the death of its owner?

<p>The builder shall be put to death (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must a builder do if he constructs a house that collapses due to poor work?

<p>He must rebuild the house at his own cost (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT attributed to the Mesopotamians?

<p>Pyramids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Galileo have his astrolabe in Florence?

<p>1570 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes systematic errors?

<p>They have the same magnitude and sign with repeated measurements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of systematic error is caused by imperfections in instrument construction?

<p>Instrument error (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What invention is credited to Thomas Newcomen?

<p>The first practical steam engine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term best describes the closeness to the true value in measurements?

<p>Accuracy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientific principle was formulated by Galileo?

<p>Scientific method of gaining knowledge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding random errors?

<p>They do not affect the bias of measurements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the precision of a number in measurements?

<p>The number of significant digits it contains. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is associated with the discovery of electromagnetism and the arc light?

<p>Davy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of electric power advancements, what did Volta invent?

<p>The first electric battery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is kinetic energy defined?

<p>Energy resulting from the motion of an object. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of energy being expressed in SI units?

<p>Joules (J) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant engineering area experienced advancements during the Industrial Revolution?

<p>Road building (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which notation represents the following number: 30140.0?

<p>Standard Notation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following patents did Alexander Graham Bell obtain?

<p>Acoustic telegraph (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major development occurred in the 20th century related to power generation?

<p>Hydroelectric dams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is known for the theory of gravitation?

<p>Isaac Newton (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for kinetic energy?

<p>KE = mass * velocity^2 / 2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding gravitational potential energy?

<p>GPE is calculated using the formula GPE = m * g * h. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mechanical energy is defined as the sum of which types of energy?

<p>Potential energy and kinetic energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of energy is associated with the vibrations of charged particles?

<p>Light energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the process of energy conversion in a car engine, which of the following describes the order of conversions?

<p>Chemical energy → thermal energy → mechanical energy → electrical energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the law of conservation of energy state?

<p>Energy can change forms but cannot be created or destroyed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines non-renewable energy resources?

<p>They cannot be replaced or are replaced much more slowly than used. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable energy resource?

<p>Coal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important duty of an engineer?

<p>To consider duty to society and the environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a duty of a professional engineer to their clients or employers?

<p>Disregarding potential conflicts of interest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ethical principle involves producing the greatest good for the most people?

<p>Utilitarian Ethics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is considered professional misconduct for engineers?

<p>Sealing a document that was neither prepared by them (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of engineering societies?

<p>Advocate on behalf of their members (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must engineers do if they are aware of illegal or unethical actions?

<p>Whistle-blow as a last resort (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one duty engineers have towards their colleagues?

<p>To accept and provide fair professional criticism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should engineers disclose a conflict of interest?

<p>Before making any decisions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the engineer's seal signify?

<p>The document has been prepared and approved (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key focus of ethical problems in the workplace?

<p>Resolving disputes through courteous communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of disregarding the societal and environmental impacts of engineering decisions?

<p>Potential harm to public health and welfare (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a professional environment, how should knowledge and competence be maintained?

<p>By keeping informed and striving to advance knowledge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should an engineer do first when whistle-blowing?

<p>Get facts and identify urgency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defines the primary difference between a society and an association for engineers?

<p>Associations protect the public, while societies support members (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mesopotamia

The region situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, known for its early engineering achievements, such as the development of wheeled carts, canals, temples, and city walls.

Code of Hammurabi

An ancient code of law dating back to 1750 BCE, outlining responsibilities and penalties for builders, demonstrating the importance of engineering standards in early civilizations.

Astrolabe

A device used for navigation and astronomical observations. It was developed in Ancient Mesopotamia, and its use continued through the Renaissance.

Penalty for faulty construction in the Code of Hammurabi

A punishment for builders who construct faulty houses, including the death penalty or a requirement to rebuild the house at their own expense.

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Importance of Engineering Standards in Ancient Mesopotamia

The Code of Hammurabi outlines specific legal consequences for builders who fail to construct sound structures in ancient Mesopotamia, demonstrating their emphasis on quality control and accountability.

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Engine

A device or machine that uses mechanical power to perform a task, particularly in war, often incorporating complex and ingenious designs.

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Engineering

The application of scientific knowledge and principles to create, design, and build structures, machines, and systems to solve problems and meet human needs.

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Industrial Revolution

The period in history characterized by significant advancements in technology, particularly in industries such as manufacturing, transportation, and energy production.

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Hydroelectric Power

An engineering solution for generating electricity from the flow of water through damns and turbines, a key development in the Industrial Revolution.

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Nuclear Power

A type of power generation that uses nuclear reactions to produce energy, a substantial advancement in the 20th century.

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Computers

A device used for storing and processing information, marked by significant advancements in the 20th century.

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Transistor

A small semiconductor device that amplifies or switches electronic signals, revolutionizing electronics in the 20th century.

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Integrated Circuit

A complex circuit containing many transistors and other components on a single integrated chip, enabling massive miniaturization and increased computational power.

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First Aqueduct

The first known aqueduct, built in 690 BC, demonstrating early advancements in water management and infrastructure.

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Nineveh's Water System

A complex system of canals, aqueducts, and other water works, spanning 150 km, showcasing advanced water engineering in ancient Mesopotamia.

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Baghdad Battery

A type of battery believed to have been used for electroplating, discovered in Mesopotamia and dating back to 250 BC.

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Edifice

A large structure built with stone, such as pyramids, showcasing expertise in construction and design among Egyptians.

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Step Pyramid at Sakkara

The first pyramid, built around 2980 BC in Sakkara, Egypt, marking a major milestone in Egyptian architecture and engineering.

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Zoser's Step Pyramid

A type of pyramid built by King Zoser, consisting of six mastabas stacked on top of each other, requiring enormous labor and time.

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Suspension Bridge in Ancient India

A type of bridge constructed in Ancient India, using ropes or chains to support the structure, demonstrating ingenuity in bridge design.

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First Lighthouse

A structure designed to guide ships into harbors and warn of potential dangers, the first of which was built by Greeks around 280 BC.

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Systematic Error

A consistent deviation from the true value in repeated measurements.

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Natural Error

Caused by environmental factors influencing measurements.

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Instrument Error

Arises from imperfections in instruments.

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Personal Error

Caused by the observer's habits or techniques.

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Random Error

Small variations in measurements that occur randomly.

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Precision

The ability to repeat measurements with similar results.

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Accuracy

How close a measurement is to the true value.

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Bias

A non-random, systematic error that consistently shifts measurements in a particular direction.

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Potential Energy

Energy stored within an object due to its position, often caused by gravity. The higher an object is, the more potential energy it possesses.

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Kinetic Energy

The energy an object possesses due to its motion. The faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has.

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Mechanical Energy

The total energy possessed by an object, encompassing both its potential energy (due to position) and kinetic energy (due to motion).

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Thermal Energy

The energy associated with the random movement of particles within a substance. The hotter the object, the more thermal energy it possesses.

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Chemical Energy

Energy stored within the chemical bonds of molecules. When these bonds break, energy is released.

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Electrical Energy

Energy associated with the movement of electrically charged particles, such as electrons in wires.

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Nuclear Energy

A type of energy that originates from changes within the nucleus of an atom, either through fission (splitting) or fusion (combining).

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Non-renewable resources

Energy resources that cannot be replenished at the same rate at which they are consumed, including fossil fuels like oil, natural gas, and coal. These resources formed over millions of years from the remains of ancient organisms.

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Duty to Public and Environment

Engineers should always work with the best interests of the public and environment at the forefront of their decisions.

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Competency

An engineer must only offer services in their area of expertise, meaning they should take on tasks where their skills and knowledge are strong.

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Duty to Clients/Employers

Engineers must prioritize their client's best interests, acting as faithful agents in all matters while maintaining confidentiality and disclosing any potential conflicts of interest.

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Advancement of the Profession

This responsibility includes: staying updated, advancing the field of engineering, supporting the growth of junior engineers, and upholding the profession's reputation.

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Fairness towards Others

These are essential principles to uphold: Equity, fairness, courtesy, goodwill, accepting professional criticism, recognizing rights.

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Consequences of Decisions

Engineers are obligated to clearly articulate the potential consequences of their decisions, even if these decisions conflict with client or employer desires.

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Duty to Report

It's vital for engineers to report illegal or unethical practices within their field, whether committed by individuals or organizations. This responsibility often falls to professional associations.

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Societal Consequences

Engineers must recognize and inform clients, employers, and the public about the potential societal and environmental impacts of their work.

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Equity

Professional engineering must be governed by principles of fairness, treating everyone equitably and striving to foster a more just and equitable environment.

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Ethics in the Workplace

Creating a positive workplace environment is crucial for fostering collaboration and professionalism is important for both experienced professionals and students.

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Resolving Ethical Disputes

A code of ethics helps guide professionals through ethical dilemmas. When disagreements arise, it's best resolved through direct and respectful communication.

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Whistle Blowing

Blowing the whistle, reporting concerns when all other internal avenues have been exhausted, is a crucial safeguard for the public, often mediated by professional associations.

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Enforcement Activities of Associations

Enforcement activities are necessary to protect the public and ensure proper professional conduct, particularly when dealing with licensed or unlicensed individuals.

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Common Professional Complaints

Conflict of interest and breach of standards are common professional complaints involving ethical shortcomings.

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Proper Use of Engineer's Seal

The act of signing and sealing a legal document is considered an official endorsement of the engineer's work, verifying its completion and accuracy.

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Iron Ring

The ceremony of the Iron Ring is a traditional ritual that symbolizes the high standards and responsibilities of the engineering profession, and the importance of ethical conduct.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Engineering Study Sheet

  • This document is a copy of a study sheet for an Introduction to Engineering course at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology.
  • It covers the history of engineering, including contributions from Mesopotamians, Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, Chinese, and Middle Ages.
  • It also discusses engineering advancements in transportation, manufacturing, and electric power.
  • The provided document details the roles of an engineering society and the challenges faced in the 21st century.
  • A list of engineering accomplishments in Canada is included, including the Transcontinental railway and the St. Lawrence Seaway.
  • The document outlines the challenges of modern engineering, including climate change, regulation, and the Quebec Bridge tragedy.
  • The document details the learning and engineering approach as well as the roles of engineering as a professional practice.
  • It covers occupational health and safety responsibilities of engineers.
  • It details various analytical methods for identifying hazards and evaluating risks.
  • The study material also addresses the importance of sustainability and climate change.
  • It also includes a brief introduction to spreadsheet analysis using MATLAB.

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Intro to Engineering Study Sheet PDF

Description

Explore the key concepts and history of engineering in this study sheet. Covering ancient contributions and modern advancements, this document highlights engineering accomplishments in Canada and discusses current challenges in the field. Perfect for those seeking a comprehensive understanding of engineering's evolution and its professional responsibilities.

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