Introduction to Digital Health

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of digital health?

  • Creating social media platforms for healthcare providers.
  • Using digital technology to improve healthcare outcomes for people. (correct)
  • Developing new software applications for medical devices.
  • Replacing traditional healthcare systems with digital alternatives.

Which of the following best describes the concept of digital health?

  • The use of telehealth for remote patient monitoring only.
  • The development of advanced surgical robotics.
  • The exclusive use of electronic health records in hospitals.
  • The application of digital technologies to enhance healthcare and well-being. (correct)

What is a key component of the third wave 'e-health' era?

  • Prioritizing patient-centered care through digital solutions. (correct)
  • Limiting the use of IT to basic administrative tasks.
  • Centralizing healthcare data processing in large institutions.
  • Focusing primarily on hardware advancements in healthcare.

Which of the following is a potential benefit of digital health?

<p>Improved access to healthcare and reduced inefficiencies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the first era of digital health, occurring in the 1940s?

<p>The invention and initial use of computers for basic IT tasks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the fourth era 'Digital Health' differ from the third era 'e-Health'?

<p>It shifts focus from being patient-centric to citizen-centric. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of digital health, what does 'disruptive innovation' refer to?

<p>Innovation that significantly alters the way patients engage with healthcare. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advancement defined the second era, 'Health ICT' in the 1960s?

<p>Significant technological advancements in hardware and software. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key technological driver of the third era, known as 'e-Health'?

<p>The rise of mobile technologies and widespread internet availability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributed significantly to the emergence of the e-Health era (2000s)?

<p>A growing need to address chronic conditions more effectively. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these examples relates to the 'Citizen Centric Approach' of the fourth digital health era?

<p>Empowering individuals and communities to improve overall health. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be considered an example of digital health in practice?

<p>Utilizing telehealth for remote patient monitoring. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to emphasize the cultural transformation in the context of digital health?

<p>Adoption requires changes in behaviors, attitudes, and workflows. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'shared decision-making' entail within the use of data?

<p>Involving that caregivers and patients have access to objective data accessible. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do digital health technologies provide caregivers and patients with digital and objective data?

<p>Democratization of care. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'digital health' being defined in the context of digital societies?

<p>Healthcare organizations are being defined by persistent digital interactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which role does AIHW play in the digital health field?

<p>Referring to systems, tools, and services in communications tech. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can digital health assist patients with self-management?

<p>Enhanced patient self management. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of Electronic Health Records?

<p>Avoid adverse drug events. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Psychology related to digital health?

<p>Its applied statistic help the clinical (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Digital Health?

The use of digital technologies to improve healthcare systems for people, including providers and patients.

Digital health (AIHW definition)

Systems, tools, and services based on information and communications technology used to treat patients and share health information.

Digital health (AIDH definition)

Health and healthcare within digital societies, involving people, organizations, and digital interactions.

Digital health (WHO definition)

The field of knowledge and practice related to developing and using digital technologies to improve health.

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Examples of Digital Health

Telehealth, Electronic Health Records (EHR), E-prescriptions, E-referrals, and wearable devices.

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Benefits of Electronic Health Records

Avoid adverse drug events, enhance patient self-management, improve patient outcomes, reduce time gathering information, and avoid duplication of services.

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Potential of Digital Health

Improve access to healthcare, reduce inefficiencies, improve care quality, lower costs, personalize care, and improve health outcomes.

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First Era of Digital Health (1940s)

First computers were invented; this era focused on basic IT in healthcare.

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Second Era of Digital Health (1960s)

Significant technological advancements in hardware and software; shared data processing centers were set up.

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Third Era of Digital Health (2000s)

Driven by the need to address chronic conditions and improve healthcare quality, marked by technological advancements and internet availability.

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Fourth Era of Digital Health (2020s)

Citizen-centric approach empowering individuals/communities, ultimate goal improves overall population health not just treat illness within the health care system

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Study Notes

  • Sharmeen Adnan is the Course Convenor and Tutor at the School of Health Sciences, and can be reached at [email protected].
  • Associate Prof Junhua Xiao is acknowledged.

Learning Objectives

  • The concept and development of Digital Health must be understood.
  • Familiarise with the unit structure and assessment requirement of x3 assignments.
  • Understand and appreciate the principles of academic integrity.

Reading Guide

  • HEA10004 Unit Outline is published on Canvas.
  • "Health informatics: An interprofessional approach" by Nelson, R., & Staggers, N. (2018), Second edition, published by Elsevier.
  • Australia's National Digital Health Strategy

What is Digital Health?

  • Digital health uses digital technologies to improve the healthcare system for people (providers and patients).
  • Digital health is a cultural transformation, a disruptive innovation, and promotes shared-decision making.
  • Digital health refers to systems, tools and services based on information and communications technology that can be used to treat patients and collect and share a patient's health information. (AIHW)
  • Digital health is defined as health and healthcare in the context of digital societies (the people, organisations and things engaged in persistent digital interactions). (AIDH)
  • Digital health is the field of knowledge and practice associated with the development and use of digital technologies to improve health.(WHO)
  • There is a cultural transformation of how disruptive technologies that provide digital and objective data accessible to both caregivers and patients leads to an equal level doctor-patient relationship with shared decision-making and the democratization of care. (Mesko et al., 2017)

Examples of Digital Health

  • Telehealth
  • Electronic Health Records
  • E-prescriptions
  • E-referrals
  • Wearable devices
  • Electronic Health Records allow avoid adverse drug events, provide enhanced patient self-management, improvements in patient outcomes, reduced time gathering information and avoided duplication services.

Why Digital Health?

  • 2.6 million Trip Advisor (Trip Advisor Mar '17 SOCIAL MEDIANEWS)
  • 3.8 million lodge tax return online (ATO '16)
  • 103 Mobile banking visits per person per year (ADOBE ANALYTICS)
  • 17 million Facebook users (Facebook May '17)
  • 8 million LinkedIn users (LinkedIn May '17)
  • 75% of Aus post parcels are generated online (AUSTRALIA POST)
  • 84% Go online first for health information (HEALTHDIRECT)
  • 9 Average connected devices in 1 household (NBN CO)

Digital Health Potential

  • Improve access to healthcare
  • Reduce any inefficiencies in the healthcare system
  • Improve quality of care
  • Lower the cost of healthcare
  • Provide more personalised care to the patients
  • Improve health outcomes

What is Digital Health: An Evolutionary Perspective

  • First Wave in the Early 1950's: ICT in Health
  • Second Wave in the Mid 1960's: Health ICT
  • Third Wave in the 2000's: E-Health
  • Fourth Wave in the 2020's: Digital Health

First Era

  • Electronic Age in the 1940s
  • First computers were invented
  • Sometimes called the "IT in Health" era
  • Focused on using basic IT in healthcare

Second Era

  • Health ICT in the 1960's
  • Significant advancements in technology.
  • Hardware
  • Software
  • Telecommunication
  • Shared data processing centers were set up to help hospitals with administrative tasks.
  • Focus of DH was mainly on healthcare organisation.

Third Era

  • E-Health - The Digital Revolution in the 2000s
  • Emerged due to; Demand factors
  • There is a Growing need to address chronic health conditions more effectively.
  • Issues are related to safety and quality within the healthcare system.
  • Supply factors also emerged
  • Technological advancements
  • Widespread availability of the Internet.
  • Rise of mobile technologies and social media.
  • This era is often described as patient-centric.
  • To be more accurate, it had the characteristics of patient-following.

Fourth Era

  • Digital Health - Citizen Centric Approach in 2020s
  • Citizen-centric approach
  • Empowering individuals and communities
  • Ultimate goal - improve overall health of population, not just treat illness within the healthcare system

Examples of work being done in digital health from different perspectives

  • Health service
  • Health Promotion
  • Biomedical Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Nutrition
  • Clinical Technologies
  • Applied Statistics
  • Psychology

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