Introduction to Databases
72 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a database?

A database is an organised collection of structured information or data, typically stored electronically in a computer system.

What is the difference between a file based system and a DBMS?

  • Redundant data is present in a file based system, not in a DBMS. (correct)
  • File based system cannot store large amounts of data, DBMS can. (correct)
  • A DBMS is a software system, a file based system is not. (correct)
  • DBMS supports security mechanisms, file based systems do not. (correct)

    • What is the main advantage of a DBMS?

    Efficient data access: DBMS provides a variety of techniques to store and retrieve data efficiently.

    What is the term used to describe the structural organisation of data in a relational database?

    <p>Relational Data Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a tuple?

    <p>Rows in a relation(table) are called Tuples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an attribute?

    <p>Columns in a relation(table) are called Attributes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a schema?

    <p>Schema refers to the structure of the table. The schema includes Name of the relation and all attributes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the degree of a relation?

    <p>Number of Attributes (Columns) in a relation(table) is called Degree.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cardinality of a relation?

    <p>Number of Tuples (Rows) in a relation(table) is called Cardinality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a candidate key?

    <p>The minimal set of attributes that can uniquely identify a tuple is known as a candidate key.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary key:

    <p>It is a column or group of columns in a table that uniquely identifies every row in that table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A relation can have more than one primary key.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A primary key field can contain a NULL value.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a composite key?

    <p>A Composite Primary Key is created by combining two or more columns in a table that can be used to uniquely identify each row in that table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a super key?

    <p>A super key is a group of single or multiple keys which identifies rows in a table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a foreign key?

    <p>Foreign key is used to establish relationships between two tables. A foreign key helps us to maintain data as well as referential integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is SQL?

    <p>SQL is a standard language for storing, manipulating, and retrieving data in databases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the advantages of SQL?

    <p>Faster: Large amounts of data is retrieved quickly and efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    SQL requires programming skills to use.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does DDL stand for?

    <p>Data Definition Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the CREATE TABLE command?

    <p>Used to create a table structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ALTER TABLE command:

    <p>Used to alter existing table structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is command in SQL used to add a new column to an existing table:

    <p>ALTER TABLE ADD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is command in SQL used to delete a column from an existing table:

    <p>ALTER TABLE DROP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ALTER TABLE MODIFY command?

    <p>Used to change column properties of an existing table..</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command in SQL deletes the data inside a table but not the table itself?

    <p>TRUNCATE TABLE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the INSERT INTO command?

    <p>Used to insert values into the table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the UPDATE command?

    <p>To change the existing data in a table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the DELETE FROM command?

    <p>To delete data from table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command in SQL is used to retrieve the data?

    <p>SELECT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are different types of SQL languages?

    <p>DDL, DML, DCL, TCL, DQL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Tkinter?

    <p>A module in the Python standard library which serves as an interface to Tk(ToolKit).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are widgets?

    <p>Tkinter provides a variety of common GUI elements which we can use to build our interface - such as buttons, menus and various kinds of entry fields and display areas. We call these elements widgets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How to import the Tkinter module into Python?

    <p>from tkinter import *</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a canvas widget?

    <p>Canvas is a rectangular area intended to draw pictures and other complex layouts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a checkbutton widget?

    <p>A checkbutton widget is used to display a number of options,from which a user can select one or more options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a listbox widget?

    <p>The Listbox widget is used to display a list of items from which a user can select a number of items.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a file?

    <p>Files are named locations on disk to store related information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'r' mode do when opening a file?

    <p>Opens a file for reading.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of software testing?

    <p>The aim of the testing process is to identify all defects existing in a software product.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the different types of software testing?

    <p>Unit Testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Testing.

    <p>Alpha testing is an internal checking done by the in-house development or QA team. Its main purpose is to discover software bugs that were not found before. At the stage of alpha testing, software behavior is verified under real-life conditions by imitating the end-users' actions. Beta testing can be called pre-release testing. It can be conducted by a limited number of end-users called beta testers before the official product delivery. The main purpose of beta testing is to verify software compatibility with different software and hardware configurations, types of network connection, and to get the users' feedback on software usability and functionality. Gamma testing is the final stage of the testing process conducted before software release. It makes sure that the product is ready for market release according to all the specified requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is White Box Testing?

    <p>White Box Testing is software testing technique in which internal structure, design and coding of software are tested to verify flow of input-output and to improve design, usability and security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is software testing tool? List any four testing tools available?

    <p>Software testing tools are applications that can be used to assist developers and testers in performing manual or automated tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ISO Standards?

    <p>The mission of the International Standard Organization is to market the development of standardization and its related activities to facilitate the international exchange of products and services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is the first one in the software development process?

    <p>Preliminary investigation and analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the different aspects of software, according to the definition provided by the text?

    <p>set of programs, documentation &amp; configuration of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Functional Requirement?

    <p>specifies the tasks the program must complete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the father of Software Engineering?

    <p>Alan Turing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not recommended for software processes in software engineering?

    <p>Software Evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Agile software development model is built based on .

    <p>Both Incremental and Iterative Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an attribute of good software?

    <p>Maintainability &amp; functionality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a valid phase of the SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle)?

    <p>Testing closure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of testing is also known as white-box testing?

    <p>Structural testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the different ways in which technology is evolving today, as described in the provided text?

    <p>Technology is evolving in areas such as cyber security, data infrastructure, artificial intelligence, robotic process automation, and Internet of Things.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main advantages of Machine Learning?

    <p>Machine learning provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed. It is able to access data and use it to learn for itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Internet of Things (IoT)?

    <p>The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects-devices, vehicles, buildings and other items-embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity that enables these objects to collect and exchange data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some potential applications of Artificial Intelligence?

    <p>Artificial intelligence has been used in a wide range of fields including medical diagnosis, stock trading, robot control, law, remote sensing, scientific discovery and toys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of social engineering?

    <p>Social engineering is the term used for a broad range of malicious activities accomplished through human interactions. The goal is to trick users into making security mistakes or giving away sensitive information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Blockchain technology?

    <p>A blockchain is securely decentralized ledger that exists across a network. As a database, a blockchain stores information electronically in digital format.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is data analytics?

    <p>Data analytics captures its broad scope of the field. Data analytics refers to the process of analyzing raw data to find trends and answer the questions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Intellectual Property (IP)?

    <p>Intellectual property (IP) refers to any intellectual creation, such as literary works, artistic works, inventions, designs, symbols, names, images, computer code, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is copyright?

    <p>Copyright is a form of Intellectual Property (IP).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Industrial Property?

    <p>Industrial Property is a form of intellectual property that includes inventions, patents, trademarks, industrial designs, and geographical indications of source (i.e., products that are closely identified with their geographical places of origin).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Carbon Footprint?

    <p>A Carbon Footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases (including carbon dioxide and methane) that are generated by our actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A collection of which type of devices makes up an IoT network?

    <p>Interconnected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core focus of Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

    <p>Making a machine Intelligent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the 'Father of AI'?

    <p>John McCarthy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In phishing attacks, what type of technology is typically targeted?

    <p>Email</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a node in a blockchain network?

    <p>A computer on a Blockchain network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Information Technology Act of 2000, updated in 2008, which section defines cybercrime related to stealing digital information or assets?

    <p>65D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act provides the legal framework for e-Governance in India?

    <p>IT Act 2000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Databases

    • A database is an organized collection of structured information or data, typically stored electronically in a computer system.
    • File-based systems are used to organize and maintain data files, but they are not very efficient.
    • Limitations of file-based systems include storing large amounts of data, redundant data, lack of security, and difficulty sharing data with multiple users.
    • Database Management Systems (DBMS) are software systems designed to manage and organize data in a structured manner.
    • DBMS allow users to create, modify, and query databases, as well as manage security and access controls.
    • RDBMS (Relational Database Management Systems) store data in tables.
    • Examples of RDBMS include Oracle, SQL Server, MySQL, MS Access, and DB2.
    • Advantages of DBMS include efficient data access, data integrity and security, concurrent access, and crash recovery.
    • Disadvantages of DBMS include the large size of the software and potential performance issues.

    Difference between File System and DBMS

    • File System: Used to manage and organize files stored on a hard disk. Redundant data is present. Less security mechanisms.
    • DBMS: A software for storing and retrieving user data. No presence of redundant data. Supports more security mechanisms.

    Concepts of DBMS

    • Fundamental concepts include data models, query languages, file organization, candidate keys, and keys.

    Relational Data Model

    • Data and relationships are structured as tables.
    • Advantages include a simple format, effective record retrieval, and representation of different relationships.

    Relation

    • Refers to a table in a relational database and relationships that can be created between tables.

    Tuples

    • Rows in a relation (table) are called tuples.

    Attributes

    • Columns in a relation (table) are called attributes.

    Schema of a Relation

    • Schema refers to the structure of the table. The schema includes the name of the relation and all attributes.

    Degree of a Relation

    • The number of attributes (columns) in a relation (table) is called the degree.

    Cardinality of a Relation

    • The number of tuples (rows) in a relation (table) is called the cardinality.

    Keys in DBMS

    • Keys in DBMS are attributes or sets of attributes that help identify a row (tuple) in a relation (table).

    Types of Keys

    • Candidate Key: The minimal set of attributes that uniquely identify a tuple. A relation can have more than one candidate key.
    • Primary Key: A minimal candidate key chosen to uniquely identify each row in the table.
    • Alternate Key: Any candidate key which is not the primary key.
    • Super Key: Super key is a group of single or multiple keys which identifies rows in a table.
    • Foreign Key: An attribute in a table that is a primary key in another table. It helps to maintain data as well as referential integrity.

    Structured Query Language (SQL)

    • SQL is a standard language for storing, manipulating, and retrieving data in databases.
    • Advantages include faster data retrieval, standardization, ease of use, and multiple data views.

    MySQL Installation in Ubuntu

    • Steps to install MySQL in Ubuntu using the command line.

    Data types in SQL

    • CHAR(Size): Used to specify a fixed-length string.
    • VARCHAR(Size): Used to specify a variable-length string.
    • INT(size): Used for integer values.
    • DECIMAL(size,d): Used for fixed-point numbers.
    • DATE: Used to specify date format YYYY-MM-DD.

    Constraints in SQL

    • NOT NULL: Ensures that a column cannot have a NULL value.
    • UNIQUE: Ensures that all values in a column are different.
    • PRIMARY KEY: Uniquely identifies each row in a table.
    • DEFAULT: Sets a default value for a column if no value is specified.
    • CHECK: Ensures that values in a column satisfy a specific condition.

    Types of SQL

    • DDL: Data Definition Language. Commands for creating, deleting, and altering tables. (CREATE,ALTER, DROP,TRUNCATE)
    • DML: Data Manipulation Language. Used to insert, update and delete data in the tables. (INSERT, UPDATE AND DELETE).
    • DCL: Data Control Language. Used for user management and authorization.
    • TCL: Transaction Control Language. Used for transaction management in the database. (COMMIT, ROLLBACK,SAVEPOINT)
    • DQL: Data Query Language. Used to retrieve data from the database using the 'SELECT' command.

    Data Manipulation Language(DML)

    • INSERT INTO: Used to insert data into tables.
    • UPDATE SET: Used to change the existing data in the tables.
    • DELETE FROM: Used to delete data from the database.

    Data Query Language (DQL)

    • SELECT: Used to view data from tables.

    Data Control Language (DCL)

    • GRANT: Used to grant privileges to users.
    • REVOKE: Used to remove privileges from users.

    Transaction Control Language (TCL)

    • COMMIT: Used to save all database transactions.
    • ROLLBACK: Used to undo partially completed transactions.
    • SAVEPOINT: Set a savepoint in the database and to undo to a specific point.

    Clauses in SQL

    • WHERE: Used to filter data retrieved from tables.
    • ORDER BY: Used to sort data retrieved from tables.
    • GROUP BY: Used to group rows with the same value(s) in one or more columns.
    • HAVING: Used to filter grouped rows in a query.

    SQL Functions

    • Single row functions (e.g., UPPER(), LOWER(), CONCAT(), LENGTH(), SUBSTR())
    • Aggregate functions (e.g., COUNT(), SUM(), AVG(), MAX(), MIN())

    GUI Programming in Python

    • Tkinter is a Python module for creating Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs).

    • It uses widgets which include Labels, Buttons, Entries, Canvas, Checkbuttons and Radio buttons.

    • GUI applications are used to get user input in a user-friendly way

    • The basic steps in GUI programming are:

      • Import Tkinter module.
      • Create the main window using Tk().
      • Add widgets to the window.
      • Run the main event loop (window.mainloop()).

    • Data types for widgets include StringVar(), IntVar()...etc.

    File Handling in Python

    • Opening and closing files in Python
    • Python file object handling

    Python Errors

    • Syntax Errors: Occur when code doesn't follow Python's rules (grammar).
    • Exceptions: Runtime errors (occur when the code is running).

    Software Engineering

    • Definition: Application of engineering principles, methods and procedures in the design and construction of software products.
    • Software Products: Systems or software components delivered to customers with documentation for use.
    • Need for Software Engineering: Higher rate of change in user requirements and environment.
    • Characteristics of Good Software: Operational, Transitional, Maintainable
    • Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC): Diagrammatic/descriptive representation of software life cycle.
    • Waterfall Model: Describes a sequential process with specific phases (Requirements, Design, Implementation, Testing, Deployment, and Maintenance).
    • Agile Model: An iterative and incremental approach emphasizing rapid delivery of working software.
    • Different software development life cycle models.

    Management Information Systems (MIS)

    • Definition: A system that delivers information to managers for decision-making.
    • Pillars: Management, Information, System.
    • Importance: Supports business operations, decision-making, competitive advantage.
    • Types of information.

    Program Testing

    • Testing involves providing program input and observing its behavior.
    • Aim: Identifying defects, and increasing user confidence.
    • Verification vs Validation

    Types of Software Testing

    • Unit Testing : Testing individual units/modules.
    • Integration Testing : Testing interactions between modules.
    • System Testing : Testing the entire system, covering all components.
    • Acceptance Testing : Formal testing that confirms if the system meets user requirements.
    • Alpha Testing : Internal testing by the development team.
    • Beta Testing : Testing by external users before release.
    • Gamma Testing: Final testing before software release.

    Software Testing Tools

    List of Software testing tools such as Selenium, Appium and others.

    Cybercrime

    • Definition of Cybercrime, common types of cyber crimes including Child abuse or exploitation, Computer Intrusion/Hacking, Cracking, Credit Card Fraud, E-mail/SMS Spoofing, Phishing, Software Piracy, and Denial-of-service Attack.
    • Specific laws related to cybercrime (e.g., the Information Technology Act, 2000).

    Blockchain

    • Description of Blockchain technology.
    • Key elements of a Blockchain (e.g., distributed ledger, immutable records, smart contracts).

    Social Engineering

    • Definition of Social Engineering.
    • Steps involved in a social engineering attack.

    Data Analytics

    • Definition of Data Analytics.
    • Steps involved in Data Analytics.
    • Different types of analytical techniques (e.g., descriptive, advanced analytics).

    Intellectual Property (IP)

    • Copyright, Trademark, Patent, Industrial Property.

    Internet of Things (IoT)

    • Definition of IoT, its components, and different categories of IoT devices.

    Artificial Intelligence (AI)

    • Definition of AI, and its various types including supervised, semi-supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    JSD Second Year Notes 2023-24 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of databases, including the differences between file-based systems and Database Management Systems (DBMS). Learn about RDBMS, their advantages and disadvantages, and examples of popular DBMS software. Perfect for beginners seeking to understand the organization and management of structured data.

    More Like This

    RDBMS Fundamentals Quiz
    3 questions

    RDBMS Quiz: What Does RDBMS Stand For? Test Your Knowledge

    ResoundingAmazonite avatar
    ResoundingAmazonite
    Introduction to Database Management Systems (DBMS)
    10 questions

    Introduction to Database Management Systems (DBMS)

    FertileLilac avatar
    FertileLilac
    MCA Sem 1 RDBMS Unit 1 Quiz
    10 questions

    MCA Sem 1 RDBMS Unit 1 Quiz

    GlisteningTrigonometry avatar
    GlisteningTrigonometry
    RDBMS Overview and Advantages
    0 questions

    RDBMS Overview and Advantages

    CompliantSunflower avatar
    CompliantSunflower
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser