Introduction to Data Structures

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Questions and Answers

What are linked lists particularly efficient for?

  • Fast random access to elements
  • Insertion and deletion of elements (correct)
  • Storing elements contiguously
  • Accessing elements in reverse order

Which characteristic describes stacks?

  • They are LIFO data structures. (correct)
  • They can store elements of different data types.
  • They operate on a FIFO basis.
  • They allow removal from both ends.

What is a common application of queues?

  • Recursive function calls
  • Undo/redo mechanisms
  • Orderly processing of tasks (correct)
  • Expression evaluation

How are trees organized?

<p>In a parent-child relationship (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which data structure is structured to handle unique key-value pairs efficiently?

<p>Hash Tables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using arrays?

<p>Fast random access using indexing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact do hash collisions have on hash tables?

<p>They can degrade performance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of data structures, what does time complexity refer to?

<p>The time taken by an operation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary responsibility of the Treasurer regarding financial records?

<p>To maintain proper reference records for all transactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which duty is NOT associated with the Vice Secretary?

<p>Maintaining the financial accounts of the union (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following financial tasks must the Treasurer perform?

<p>Present updates on the financial state of the union (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Secretary play in relation to committee meetings?

<p>He or she is responsible for taking minutes and preserving records (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which committee is the Vice Secretary responsible for heading?

<p>Literature Committee (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary responsibilities of the Chairperson?

<p>Oversee and coordinate all activities of the union (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who presides over the Executive Committee meetings if the Chairperson is unavailable?

<p>First Vice Chairperson (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following duties is NOT associated with the Vice Chairperson in-charge of sisters’ ministry?

<p>Sign accounts of the union (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which position is responsible for leading the secretariat within the Executive Committee?

<p>Secretary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Vice Chairperson in-charge of brothers' ministry have concerning venue bookings?

<p>Handle venue bookings for union meetings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If urgent decisions need to be made in the absence of the committee, who should the Secretary consult first?

<p>Chairperson (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Vice Chairperson role must be occupied by a female?

<p>Vice chairperson in-charge of sisters’ ministry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for the transport needs of the union?

<p>Vice chairperson in-charge of brothers’ ministry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Data Structures

Specialized formats for organizing and storing data.

Arrays

Sequences of same-type elements stored contiguously in memory.

Linked Lists

Nodes with data and pointers to next nodes; not stored contiguously.

Stacks

LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) data structure; elements added/removed at one end.

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Queues

FIFO (First-In, First-Out) data structure; elements added/removed at opposite ends.

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Trees

Hierarchical structures with parent-child relationships between nodes.

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Graphs

Structures of nodes (vertices) and edges connecting them, representing relationships.

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Hash Tables

Data structures using hash functions to map keys to values with fast lookups.

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Secretary's Role

The secretary is responsible for committee discussions, notice distribution, minutes and records.

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Vice Secretary Duties

Assists the secretary, manages the literature committee (library, writing), and represents the literature committee.

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Treasurer's Responsibilities

Receives and manages union funds, accounts for transactions, provides financial reports, and manages budgets.

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Union Financial Records

The treasurer must maintain proper books of accounts, preserve financial records, and allow for member inspection.

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Treasurer's Account Management

The Treasurer handles both the main union account and the mission-related account, and is accountable to the Executive Committee and members

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Chairperson's duties

Ensuring union goals, coordinating all activities, presiding over meetings (unless ill), signing union accounts, and representing the union.

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First Vice Chairperson's duties

Second-in-command, assisting the chairperson and performing their duties if the chairperson is absent.

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Second Vice Chairperson's duties

Third in command, assisting the chairperson, and assuming their duties if the chairperson and first vice chairperson are absent.

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Sisters' Ministry Vice Chairperson

In charge of sister's ministry, hospitality, and office neatness (must be female).

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Brothers' Ministry Vice Chairperson

In charge of venue booking, transportation, and union asset maintenance (must be male).

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Secretary's role

Leading the secretariat, handling all union correspondence (except those for other offices). Consults with chair/vice chairs on urgent matters if necessary.

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Executive Committee roles

Leadership and departmental duties in the union and explained in a leadership manual.

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Union leadership responsibilities

Specific duties of the chairperson, vice-chairpersons, and secretary as mentioned in this document.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Data Structures

  • Data structures are specialized formats for organizing and storing data.
  • Choosing the right data structure is crucial for efficient data access, modification, and manipulation.
  • Common data structures include arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, graphs, and hash tables.

Arrays

  • Arrays are sequences of elements of the same data type.
  • Elements are stored contiguously in memory.
  • Accessing elements is fast using indexing (e.g., array[0] to get first element).
  • Insertion and deletion of elements can be slow.
  • Suitable for situations needing fast random access.

Linked Lists

  • Linked lists consist of nodes, each containing data and a pointer to the next node.
  • Not stored contiguously.
  • Insertion and deletion are faster than in arrays.
  • Accessing elements sequentially is slower compared to arrays.
  • Suitable for situations requiring flexible size and frequent insertions/deletions.

Stacks

  • Stacks are LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) data structures.
  • Elements are added to (pushed) and removed from (popped) from one end.
  • Common applications include function calls, expression evaluation, and undo/redo mechanisms.

Queues

  • Queues are FIFO (First-In, First-Out) data structures.
  • Elements are inserted at one end (rear) and removed from the other end (front).
  • Similar applications to stacks but different ordering.
  • Useful for scenarios that require orderly processing of tasks or requests.

Trees

  • Trees are hierarchical structures representing data in a parent-child relationship.
  • Nodes have parent and child relationships.
  • Different types of trees include binary trees, binary search trees, heaps, and balanced trees.
  • Search, insertion, and deletion operations have different efficiencies depending on the tree type.

Graphs

  • Graphs are structures consisting of nodes (vertices) and edges connecting them.
  • Representing relationships between objects or entities.
  • Can be directed or undirected, representing one-way or two-way connections.

Hash Tables

  • Hash tables use hash functions to map keys to their associated values.
  • Fast lookup, insertion, and deletion in ideal cases.
  • Performance impacted by hash collisions.
  • Useful for situations requiring fast lookups.

Time and Space Complexity

  • Data structures differ in their efficiency measured by time and space complexity.
  • Time complexity refers to the amount of time taken by an operation.
  • Space complexity refers to the amount of memory required.
  • Knowing these complexities allows for optimized choice of data structure for a specific task.

Choosing the Right Data Structure

  • The choice of data structure depends on the specific needs of a task.
  • Factors like data structure properties and expected operations (e.g., access speed, insertion speed) and dataset characteristics (size, density) are crucial to consider for effective implementation.

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