Introduction to Data Science

Study Notes

Data has a significant impact on our daily lives, influencing online shopping, TV shows, and food ordering.
Data refers to any kind of information, including text, images, videos, numbers, spreadsheets, and sound.

Data is raw, unprocessed, and unorganized, whereas information is processed, organized, and structured to provide context and meaning.
Information is more useful and relevant than raw data.

The DIKW model is a hierarchical framework representing the progression from data to wisdom.
The model consists of:
- Data: Raw facts, figures, and symbols that have not yet been processed or interpreted.
- Information: Data that has been processed, organized, and structured to provide context and meaning.
- Knowledge: Information that has been assimilated, understood, and applied to make decisions or solve problems.
- Wisdom: The ability to make sound judgments and decisions based on knowledge.

Data:
- Unorganized and unprocessed
- Can be quantitative or qualitative
- Examples: sensor readings, transaction records, survey responses
Information:
- Provides answers to "who", "what", "where", and "when" questions
- Examples: reports, summaries, graphs, and charts derived from raw data
Knowledge:
- Involves the interpretation of information
- Provides answers to "how" questions
- Often involves personal experience
Wisdom:
- Involves the synthesis of knowledge with deep understanding
- Provides answers to "why" questions
- Includes ethical, philosophical, and holistic perspectives

Data to Information: Involves data processing, organization, and structuring to provide context.
Information to Knowledge: Requires understanding, interpreting, and applying information in specific contexts.
Knowledge to Wisdom: Involves synthesizing knowledge, adding experience, and applying ethical considerations to make informed decisions.

Information Science: Understanding how data can be transformed into valuable knowledge.
Knowledge Management: Facilitating the creation, sharing, and application of knowledge within organizations.
Decision-Making: Using the DIKW model to inform strategic planning and problem-solving.

Healthcare:
- Data: Patient records, lab results
- Information: Patient history, diagnosis reports
- Knowledge: Treatment protocols, medical research findings
- Wisdom: Designing patient care plans, policy-making in public health
Business:
- Data: Sales figures, customer feedback
- Information: Sales reports, market analysis
- Knowledge: Marketing strategies, business models
- Wisdom: Improving business outcomes, making informed decisions