Introduction to Cytology

<p>Prokaryotic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleoid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of a cell wall made up of peptidoglycan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing structural support and housing organelles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It produces and modifies cellular products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To increase the surface area for ATP production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are found only in plant cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A muscle cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microtubules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipid and steroid synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rough ER is involved in protein synthesis, while smooth ER is involved in lipid and steroid synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centriole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce ribosomal RNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microvilli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RER is involved in protein synthesis, while SER is involved in lipid synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centrioles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cilia are shorter and more numerous than flagella. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pili are involved in the transfer of genetic material during conjugation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To move the cilia and flagella (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>9+2 arrangement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eukaryotic flagella are made of a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules, while prokaryotic flagella are made of a single microtubule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structural proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To act as receptors for signaling molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport sodium and potassium ions across the membrane down their concentration gradients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell will shrink as water moves out of it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To bind to molecules and change shape to move them across the membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple diffusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pinocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collagen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gap junctions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasmodesmata (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tight junctions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gap junctions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The science that studies cells, the basic units of life.

All living things are composed of one or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of life; new cells arise from existing cells.

An instrument that magnifies objects, used to study cells.

The jelly-like substance where cellular components are found.

The genetic material of the cell, containing instructions for life.

Simple cells without a nucleus, found in bacteria and archaea; DNA is in the nucleoid.

Complex cells with a true nucleus and organelles; found in animals, plants, fungi, and protists.

Pictures of cells taken using a microscope.

A membranous structure involved in synthesizing proteins and lipids.

Type of ER with ribosomes; synthesizes and modifies proteins.

Type of ER that synthesizes lipids and steroid hormones.

Organelles responsible for packaging and transporting cellular products.

Organelles that produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

Folds inside the mitochondria that increase surface area for reactions.

The thick fluid inside mitochondria containing enzymes for respiration.

A rigid structure that protects and shapes the cell.

The organelle that contains genetic material and regulates cell activities.

A small, circular piece of DNA in prokaryotes that can carry genes.

Molecular machines that synthesize proteins from amino acids.

A protective layer found in some prokaryotes that aids in survival.

Network of fibers in cells supporting structure and movement.

Small organelles made of microtubules, important for cell division.

Hollow tubes that are part of the cytoskeleton and centrioles.

A network of membranes that modify and transport proteins and lipids.

Short, hair-like structures that move substances over cell surfaces.

Long, whip-like structures used for cell movement.

Cilia and flagella structure with 9 outer microtubule pairs and 2 central ones.

Finger-like projections on cell surfaces to increase absorption.

Proteins that assist in moving substances across the cell membrane.

Proteins that form pores in the membrane, allowing specific molecules to pass through.

Proteins with polysaccharides attached, involved in cell recognition.

The movement of substances against a concentration gradient using energy (ATP).

A specific active transport mechanism that moves sodium out and potassium into cells.

The movement of water from high to low water concentration through a membrane.

A solution with a higher solute concentration than inside the cell, causing the cell to shrink.

The process by which a cell engulfs solid particles.

The process by which a cell absorbs fluids from outside and brings them inside.

A process by which materials are transported out of the cell.

A network of proteins and carbohydrates outside cells that supports and connects them.

The most abundant protein in the extracellular matrix that provides structure.

Structures that allow cells to adhere and communicate with each other.

Channels between adjacent animal cells that allow the transfer of ions and small molecules.

Junctions that connect plant cells, allowing communication and transport.

Barrier junctions in animal cells that prevent leakage between cells.