Introduction to Cyber Security Lecture Set 01-02

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of confidentiality in computer security?

To monitor and log all user activities

To allow modifications by any user

To ensure that information is accessible to all parties

To restrict access to information to authorized parties (correct)

Which of the following statements best describes integrity in computer security?

Integrity focuses solely on data encryption

Integrity allows for the destruction of unnecessary data

Integrity ensures that assets are accessible at all times

Integrity means assets can only be modified by authorized parties (correct)

Which aspect of computer security is primarily concerned with system accessibility?

Availability (correct)

Integrity

Confidentiality

Authentication

What is a common example of a fabrication attack?

Email spoofing Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the CIA triad, what does the 'A' stand for?

Availability Signup and view all the answers

What challenge is associated with balancing confidentiality, integrity, and availability?

Meeting user demands for access Signup and view all the answers

What does authentication in computer security primarily involve?

Verifying user identity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios reflects a breach of confidentiality?

A hacker accessing the database of sensitive information Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of cyber security?

To protect networks, devices, and data from unauthorized access Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a computer system is responsible for controlling hardware resources?

Operating system Signup and view all the answers

What role do application programs play in a computer system?

They solve computing problems using system resources Signup and view all the answers

What type of technologies does cyber security encompass?

Technologies, processes, and practices Signup and view all the answers

Who are considered as users in the context of computer system components?

People, machines, and other computers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of a computer system?

User privacy policies Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an example of an application program?

Web browser Signup and view all the answers

What does the CPU represent in a computer system?

The central processing unit that provides computing resources Signup and view all the answers

What defines a vulnerability in a computing system?

A weakness in the security system. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a part of the computing system?

Hardware, software, and data Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for a condition that has the potential to cause loss or harm?

Threat Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'control' in the context of computing system security?

A reduction of threat or vulnerability through safeguards. Signup and view all the answers

What might be considered the most vulnerable aspect of a computing system?

The human factors involved Signup and view all the answers

What is often mistakenly assumed regarding the parts of a computing system?

They are not valuable to outsiders. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents an incident in the vulnerability-threat-control paradigm?

Both a vulnerability and a threat come together. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of asset is considered unique and irreplaceable?

Data Signup and view all the answers

What does confidentiality specifically aim to preserve in a computer security context?

Authorized access restrictions on information Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the CIA triad refers to ensuring data is not improperly modified or destroyed?

Integrity Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a type of threat to information security?

Natural disasters Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes advanced persistent threats from random attacks?

They require a substantial financial incentive Signup and view all the answers

What key element is included in the definition of availability in the CIA triad?

Ensuring timely and reliable access Signup and view all the answers

In testing computer systems, what is one primary goal for improving system design?

Imagining potential system malfunctions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a common misconception about malicious attacks?

They can only come from external sources Signup and view all the answers

What is not a part of ensuring information integrity?

Preventing unauthorized access Signup and view all the answers

What type of controls are put in place to protect against specific vulnerabilities like unauthorized access?

Independent control programs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT classified as a type of program control?

Hardware controls Signup and view all the answers

In software controls, what is the challenge when designing user interactions?

Ensuring simplicity versus security effectiveness Signup and view all the answers

What are policies and procedures primarily aimed at when it comes to security enforcement?

Agreed-upon actions among users Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hardware devices is specifically used to limit access or deter theft?

Cables or locks Signup and view all the answers

Which control type directly influences user interaction by requesting inputs like passwords?

Internal program controls Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of physical controls in a security system?

To provide backup for software and data Signup and view all the answers

Which type of control primarily seeks to prevent software faults from becoming vulnerabilities?

Development controls Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cyber Security Overview

Cyber security encompasses technologies, processes, and practices aimed at safeguarding networks, devices, programs, and data from attacks, damage, or unauthorized access.
Protects various components including hardware, software, and critical data from cyber threats.

Computer System Structure

Composed of four main components:
- Hardware: Basic computing resources like CPU, memory, and I/O devices.
- Operating System: Manages hardware use among applications and users.
- Application Programs: Defines resource usage for user needs (e.g., word processors, web browsers).
- Users: Includes people and machines interacting with the system.

Computing System Security

Focuses on protecting assets within a computing system: hardware, software, and data.
Acknowledges that systems are vulnerable at their weakest points, emphasizing the necessity of comprehensive security.

Vulnerability-Threat-Control Paradigm

Vulnerability: Identified weakness in the security system.
Threat: Condition that could exploit a vulnerability.
Incident: Occurs when both vulnerability and threat converge.
Control: Measures taken to reduce threats or vulnerabilities.

Types of Vulnerabilities and Threats

Vulnerabilities can exist in design, implementation, or procedural aspects, posing risks for exploitation.
Threats may be human-made or result from natural disasters and system failures.
Attacks exploiting vulnerabilities can include fabrication tactics like email spoofing.

Security Goals

Confidentiality: Ensures information is accessed only by authorized individuals to maintain privacy.
Integrity: Protects information from unauthorized modification or destruction.
Availability: Guarantees timely and reliable access to information for authorized users.

CIA Triad

Balancing confidentiality, integrity, and availability often presents challenges as enhancing one may compromise another.
Security efforts must prevent unauthorized access while ensuring efficient data usability.

Advanced Persistent Threats

Describes sophisticated and methodical attacks, often orchestrated by organized groups aiming to stealthily exploit systems over time.

Controls and Countermeasures

Program Controls: Includes internal restrictions (e.g., database access limits) and independent security programs (e.g., virus scanners).
Hardware Controls: Encompasses encryption devices, access verification tools, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems.
Policies and Procedures: Emphasizes community standards for security, like routine password changes.
Physical Controls: Involves tangible measures such as locks, guards, and site planning to mitigate physical risks.

Conclusion

Understanding the elements of cyber security, vulnerabilities, and controls is crucial for developing effective strategies to protect computer systems against various threats. Balancing security goals while ensuring functionality is key to maintaining robust cyber resilience.

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Description

This quiz covers the foundational concepts and definitions of cyber security as discussed in Lecture Set 01 and 02. Students will explore the technologies, processes, and practices that protect networks and data from cyber threats. Join to test your understanding and learn more about safeguarding digital information.