Introduction to CSS

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of CSS in web development?

  • To define the structure of a webpage.
  • To manage server-side operations.
  • To create interactive web elements.
  • To format the presentation of HTML documents. (correct)

The primary role of HTML tags is to make a website presentationally attractive.

False (B)

What does CSS stand for?

Cascading Style Sheets

CSS is a ______ language used with HTML for formatting.

<p>stylesheet</p>
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Match the following descriptions with the corresponding CSS style application methods:

<p>External CSS = CSS written in a separate <code>.css</code> file. Internal CSS = CSS placed within the <code>&lt;style&gt;</code> tag in the HTML document's <code>&lt;head&gt;</code>. Inline CSS = CSS applied directly to HTML elements using the <code>style</code> attribute.</p>
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In a CSS rule-set, what are the two main parts?

<p>Selector and declaration (C)</p>
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A single declaration in CSS consists of a key-value pair separated by a semicolon.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What is the file extension used for external CSS files?

<p>.css</p>
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To link an external CSS file to an HTML document, the <link> tag must be included in the ______ section of the HTML.

<p>head</p>
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Match the <link> tag attributes with their descriptions:

<p>rel = Specifies the relationship between the linked file and the current file. type = Specifies the media type of the linked file. href = Specifies the location (URL) of the linked file.</p>
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Where is internal CSS typically placed within an HTML document?

<p>Inside the <code>&lt;head&gt;</code> tag, within a <code>&lt;style&gt;</code> tag (B)</p>
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Inline CSS is defined with the use of selectors.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Which attribute is used to apply inline CSS to individual HTML elements?

<p>style</p>
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The style ______ is used to specify CSS for a single HTML tag.

<p>attribute</p>
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Rank the following CSS methods in order of priority (highest to lowest), in the event of conflicting styles:

<p>Inline CSS = Highest priority Internal CSS = Medium priority External CSS = Lowest priority</p>
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When using both internal and external CSS, if there is a conflict in styles, which style will be applied?

<p>The style defined last (either internal or external) (C)</p>
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The priority among internal and external CSS depends on the order in which they are placed inside the <head> section of the HTML document.

<p>True (A)</p>
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In CSS, what is the term for the part of a style rule that identifies which HTML element the rule applies to?

<p>selector</p>
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In CSS, ______ are used to target specific HTML elements for styling.

<p>selectors</p>
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Match each CSS selector type with its appropriate use:

<p>ID Selector = Targets a unique element based on its <code>id</code> attribute. Class Selector = Targets multiple elements sharing the same <code>class</code> attribute. Grouping Selector = Applies the same styles to different elements. Universal Selector = Applies styles to every element on the page.</p>
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Which CSS selector is identified by a hash (#) symbol?

<p>ID selector (D)</p>
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An ID can start with a number

<p>False (B)</p>
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What symbol is used to apply CSS using class selector?

<p>.(dot)</p>
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The ______ selector uses dot (.) with the value of the class attribute to select elements.

<p>class</p>
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Match the following text properties with their functionalities:

<p>color = Changes the color of the text. background-color = Changes the background color of the text or element. text-decoration = Adds or removes decorations from text, like underlines. text-align = Aligns the text horizontally within its container.</p>
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Which CSS property is used to change the background color of an element?

<p>background-color (B)</p>
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The text-decoration property in CSS can only be used to underline text.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What are the four possible values for the text-align property in CSS?

<p>left, right, center, justify</p>
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To remove the default underline from a hyperlink, you would set the text-decoration property to ______.

<p>none</p>
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Match the following font properties with their corresponding descriptions:

<p>font-family = Specifies the typeface to be used for the text. font-size = Sets the size of the text. font-weight = Specifies the boldness of the text. font-style = Specifies the style of the text (e.g., italic).</p>
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Which CSS property is used to specify whether a font should be displayed in italics?

<p>font-style (D)</p>
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When specifying multiple font families, the browser will only use the first one listed, ignoring any subsequent options.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What is the default font size of a <p> tag?

<p>16px or 1em</p>
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To make the text bold with CSS, use the ______ property.

<p>font-weight</p>
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Match each component of the CSS box model with its description:

<p>Content = The actual text, images, or other media that the element displays. Padding = The space between the content and the border. Border = A line that surrounds the padding and content. Margin = The space outside the border, separating the element from others.</p>
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What is the default style for HTML element borders?

<p>None (D)</p>
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The border-width property must always be used in conjunction with the border-color property.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What are three pre-defined values for the border-width property?

<p>thin, thick, medium</p>
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The three properties including border-width, border-style, and border-color could be defined using [blankhand property].

<p>shorthand</p>
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Match the CSS background properties with their functions:

<p>background-color = Sets the background color of an element. background-image = Sets an image as the background of an element. background-repeat = Controls the repetition of a background image. background-size = Specifies the size of the background image.</p>
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Which CSS property is used to prevent a background image from repeating?

<p>background-repeat (A)</p>
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By default, if a background image is smaller than the element, it will be stretched to fill the entire element.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Which value of background-repeat will cause an image to repeat only horizontally?

<p>repeat-x</p>
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Flashcards

What is CSS?

CSS is a stylesheet language used with HTML for formatting web documents.

CSS rule-set parts

The 'selector' identifies the HTML element to style, and the 'declaration' block contains the CSS styles.

External CSS

Defines the visual style for a webpage written in a separate .css file.

Internal CSS

CSS is embedded directly within the HTML document inside a <style> tag.

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Inline CSS

CSS is applied directly to individual HTML elements using the style attribute.

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CSS priority order

Inline CSS > Internal CSS > External CSS

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What is the 'id' attribute?

HTML attribute that assigns a unique identifier to an element.

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What is an ID selector?

The CSS selector used to style a specific, unique element using its "id" attribute.

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What is the 'class' attribute?

HTML attribute that groups elements so styling applies to all.

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What is a Class selector?

The CSS selector used to style multiple elements with the same class attribute.

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Grouping selector definition

A selector that applies the same style to different HTML elements.

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What is a Universal selector?

A selector that applies styles to every HTML element on the page.

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"color" property

Changes the color of text.

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"background-color" Property

Changes the background behind the text.

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"text-decoration"

Adds or removes text decorations like underlines.

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"text-align" property

Controls the horizontal alignment of text.

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"font-family"

Changes the typeface of the text.

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"font-size" property

Changes the size of the text.

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"font-weight"

Makes the text thicker and bolder.

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"font-style" Italic

Displays text in a slanted style.

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What is the CSS box model?

A model consisting of content, padding, border, and margin.

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What is padding?

Area between the content and the border of an element.

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What is a border?

A line that surrounds an element's content and padding.

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What is margin?

Space outside the border of an element, separating it from other elements.

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"border-width" property

Defines the width of an element's border.

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"border-style" property

Specifies the appearance of an element's border.

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"border-color" property

Sets the color of an element's border.

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"border" property

Shorthand property for setting border width, style, and color in one declaration.

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"border-collapse"

CSS property to merge table cell borders into a single border.

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What is the

tag?

HTML tag used to create sections or divisions within a document.

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"margin" property

Sets the space around an element.

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"padding" property

Sets the space inside an element.

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"background-color"

CSS that changes the canvas color.

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"background-image"

CSS to add images to the canvas.

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"background-repeat"

It dictates how many times a picture will be duplicated on the background.

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"background-size"

Allows the image to stretch until it fills the entire canvas

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Study Notes

  • HTML tags can create the basic structure of a web page.
  • HTML tags provide the structure but are not visually attractive.
  • Modern websites use CSS to present content neatly with various sizes, colors, styles and backgrounds.
  • CSS is used for doing presentations

CSS Definition and Use

  • CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.
  • It is another technology of the World Wide Web
  • CSS presents HTML documents in a better way.
  • CSS is a stylesheet language used with HTML for formatting.
  • CSS is a crucial part of web development.
  • CSS turns a boring HTML page into an attractive one
  • It further helps in placing the elements in proper positions.
  • CSS can be applied to any HTML element.

CSS Syntax

  • CSS rule-sets have two parts: selector and declaration.
  • CSS is applied to particular or groups of HTML elements.
  • A selector in CSS finds HTML elements.
  • The declaration block contains the CSS, separated by a colon
  • A has a key-value pair
  • The key is the CSS property
  • The selector "p" selects the

    tags in the document.

  • A declaration block has one or more declarations.
  • Multiple declarations should be separated by a semicolon.

Ways to Use CSS

  • There are three ways to use CSS: External, Internal, and Inline.

External CSS

  • This is suitable with multiple HTML documents
  • The approach involves writing CSS in a separate file with a .css extension.
  • Reference external CSS files in HTML's <head> section using the <link> tag.
  • rel: Specifies the relationship between the linked file and the current file (set to "stylesheet" for CSS files).
  • type: Specifies the media type of the file linked with the HTML file (set to "text/css").
  • href: Specifies the location of the linked file.

Internal CSS

  • Internal CSS is preferred if CSS is unique to a single page.
  • CSS is placed inside the <style> tag, which is placed inside the <head> section.

Inline CSS

  • Inline CSS uses the style attribute within every HTML tag.
  • This attribute specifies CSS for a tag
  • No selectors are used in inline style.

CSS Priority Order

  • Inline CSS has the highest priority.
  • The priority among internal and external CSS depends on the placement order inside the <head> section, with the latter having higher priority.

CSS Rule-set Summary

  • CSS rule-set contains selector and declaration
  • Selectors are used to select HTML element(s)
  • Declaration contains the CSS properties and their values.
  • A single declaration has a property and a value, separated by a colon.
  • A block can have multiple declarations, separated by semicolons.
  • CSS can be used in 3 ways external, internal and inline.
  • External CSS is written with a .css extention
  • References to external CSS files happen with the <link> tag in the HTML <head> section
  • Internal CSS uses the <style> tag inside the <head> section.
  • HTML tags have a style attribute to create inline CSS
  • Inline CSS has a higher priority
  • The priority of external and internal CSS depends on their placement with <head>. The later being applied having a higher priority.

CSS Selectors

  • CSS selectors are one of two parts of the CSS rule-set
  • Selectors pick HTML elmenets using an HTML tag.

ID Selector

  • There are scenarios where CSS is only needed on some elements.
  • "id" attribute will allow you to apply CSS to specific elements
  • The "id" given to a unique element ensures that it is unique.
  • HTML element will select an HTML element using the id.
  • Use the hash (#) sign and the id name in CSS to select and style an element.

Class Selector

  • Class selectors can give thesame CSS to multiple selecters
  • Use a dot (.) with the class name
  • Class names can not start with a number

Grouping Selector

  • The class selector is used to give the same CSS to multiple elements.
  • Use a dot(.) followed by the class name
  • Assign the same class for the first three tags

Universal Selector

  • The universal selector uses the asterisk (*) sign to apply CSS to every element.

CSS Selecter Summary

  • CSS selectors are used to find HTML, it allows for the appliciation of CSS
  • Multiple types of CSS selectors are availabe id, class, group and universal.
  • The id selector uses the #(hash) sign with the value of attribute.
  • As the id is always unique in an HTML document, single elements use them for a CSS
  • The class selector uses the .(dot) with the name of the class attibute to select elements.
  • Multiple elements can ahve the class so this selector is used applied CSS to multiple elements
  • The grouping selector and universal selector are used to applied CSS
  • The CSS definef with a universial selector is applied to all the elements in a HTML document

CSS Properties for Text

  • Without CSS, text is boring, so CSS has properties that apply to text
  • Example types include paragraphs, headings, adding color, setting alignment etc
  • CSS fonts is a useful part that allows different font types, styles, sizes etc

CSS Properties for Color

  • In the recent CSS chapters you how test can be changed usng the color" property
  • The property can contain three types of values - color name, HEX value and RGB value
  • The background color of text can also be changed with blackground color property
  • background-color can also assig the HEX value, value,

Text Decoration

  • HTML text does not have any decoration by default
  • The 'text decoration' allow for addition or removing of decorations
  • The 'text-decoration' can have four values under, line-through,

Text Alignment

  • The "text-align" property sets the horizontal alignment with the properties of left, right and centre
  • There are also cases when there is no aligment

CSS Font

  • By using CSS property, can can change family, size and style

Changing Front Family

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