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What does the primary survey (ABCDE) stand for?
In the presence of excessive bleeding, the sequence of assessment should change to CAB.
True
What is the goal when addressing excessive bleeding?
To stop active bleeding
What is the Glasgow Coma Scale used to assess?
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The temperature for a medical emergency in heat stroke can exceed ______ degrees.
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What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion?
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of heat stroke?
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Anaphylaxis may occur from bee stings, presenting with skin reactions and bronchospasm.
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What should be done immediately in the event of severe snake bites?
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A patient with heat stroke may exhibit ______ behavior.
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What should be monitored in patients with potential anaphylaxis?
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Which type of heat stroke results from strenuous physical activity?
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What is the total score for a fully responsive individual on the Glasgow Coma Scale?
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What actions should be taken in the event of lightning injuries?
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Study Notes
Healthy Work Environment
- Essential for effective critical care delivery.
Primary Survey (ABCDE)
- Framework for rapid assessment: Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure.
- In cases of excessive bleeding, prioritize CAB (Circulation, Airway, Breathing) to halt active bleeding.
- For trauma, establish two large bore IV accesses (antecubital or above).
Secondary Survey and Resuscitation Interventions
- Conduct comprehensive head-to-toe assessment after addressing immediate life threats to identify additional injuries.
Airway Management
- Spontaneous Breathing: Provide non-rebreather mask.
- Ventilatory Support: Use bag valve mask with an appropriate airway and 100% oxygen.
- Significant impairment requires endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation.
Triage Categories
- Emergent: Immediate life or limb threat (e.g., chest pain).
- Urgent: Requires quick treatment but not life-threatening (e.g., abdominal pain).
- Nonurgent: Can wait 7 hours for care without significant risks (e.g., strains, sprains).
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
- Eye Opening Response (max 4): Spontaneous (4), Speech (3), Pain (2), No Response (1).
- Best Verbal Response (max 5): Oriented x 3 (5), Confused (4), Inappropriate Words (3), Incomprehensible Sounds (2), No Response (1).
- Best Motor Response (max 6): Obeys commands (6), Moves to localized pain (5), Flexion to pain (4), Decorticate response (3), Decerebrate response (2), No Response (1).
- Total GCS Score: 15 (best response), 8 or less (comatose), 3 (totally unresponsive).
Heat Exhaustion
- Results from dehydration due to heavy perspiration and inadequate fluid/electrolyte intake.
- Symptoms: Weakness, nausea, vomiting, headache, normal body temperature, hyponatremia.
- Untreated can progress to heat stroke.
Heat Stroke
- Medical emergency with potential fatality if untreated.
- Body temperature may exceed 104°F (40°C).
- Types:
- Exertional: Rapid onset from strenuous activity in hot, humid conditions.
- Classical (non-exertional): Develops gradually from prolonged heat exposure.
- Assessment includes history of heat exposure, elevated temperature, altered mental status, hypotension, tachycardia, oliguria, elevated cardiac troponin, and electrolyte imbalances.
- Treatment involves emergency care, restoring thermoregulation, and following ABCDE protocol.
Anaphylaxis from Arthropods and Bees
- Symptoms include local reactions (swelling, urticaria), bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, hypotension, nausea, vomiting, and potential renal failure.
- Monitor vital signs and cardiac function.
- Administer medications: antihistamines, epinephrine, albuterol, corticosteroids.
- Observe patients for 7 hours or consider admission.
Snakebites
- Significant risk of airway compromise and respiratory failure.
- Ensure a patent IV line and have resuscitation equipment ready.
- Consult Poison Control for antivenin guidance.
Lightning Injuries
- Highly preventable; can lead to varying effects:
- Mild: Stunned or confused.
- Moderate: Confusion or comatose, temporary paralysis.
- Severe: Profound cardiac/CNS effects, potential cardiac arrest.
- Assess for complications like cataracts, tympanic membrane rupture, cerebral hemorrhage, depression, PTSD, and Lichtenberg figures.
- Monitor for hypovolemia and shock; may require ventilation.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts from the introduction to critical care, focusing on creating a healthy work environment and the essential rapid assessments needed in emergencies. Important topics include primary and secondary surveys, emphasizing the ABCDE approach and specific protocols for trauma situations. Test your understanding of critical care principles and practices.
