Introduction to Control Systems Analysis

A system that manipulates an input to achieve a desired output, often involving sensors, actuators, and feedback mechanisms.

A model simplifies a system's behavior, allowing for easier analysis and prediction of its response to changes.

A process or device being controlled by a control system.

The desired value or setpoint that a control system tries to maintain.

The actual value of the controlled variable, directly measured by sensors or other devices.

The difference between the reference input and the feedback value, indicating the deviation from the desired state.

Any disturbance that affects the system's output, causing it to deviate from the reference input.

A control system where the output is directly determined by the input, without any feedback loop.

The process by which an input signal is converted into a form that can be used by the controller.

The path from the controlled output back to the summing point, allowing the system to compare actual output with desired output.

The output of a system as a function of time, specifically how a system reacts to an input signal over time.

The signal that reflects the actual state of the controlled output, used to compare against the reference input.

The path from the summing point to the controlled output where the control signal is applied.

The point where input signals are combined, typically with an addition or subtraction operation.

A device that converts energy from one form to another, often used to measure or control specific variables.

A point that allows a single signal to be sent to multiple locations without altering the original signal.

The part of a system that is being controlled or regulated. It's the unit where the actual processing takes place.

A signal sent back to the input of the system based on the output. It's used to automatically adjust and correct any changes in the desired output.

The part of the system that compares the desired input with the current output (feedback). It generates an error signal representing the difference between the two.

The part of the system responsible for controlling the plant. It acts like the brain, receiving the error signal and sending control signals to the plant to correct the output.

An unwanted signal affecting the output of the system. It's like noise interfering with the desired control.

The components in the forward path of a control system that generate the control signal. They include the controller, compensators, amplifiers, and other elements.

The components in a control system that provide information about the output back to the input. This helps adjust the control signal to maintain the desired output.

Control systems that use feedback to adjust the input based on the output. This allows for greater accuracy and stability.

A control system that relies on human intervention for operation and adjustments.

A control system that operates automatically without human intervention. These systems rely on pre-programmed instructions and sensors to execute tasks.

A feedback control system where the output signal is compared to a reference or desired setpoint, and the difference is used to adjust the input signal. This helps to correct for any errors in the system.

This type of control system involves the combination of human and automated elements. The human operator usually sets the goals and parameters while the automated system carries out the tasks.

The first industrial robot, created by George Devol, designed for simple tasks.

The first autonomous rover vehicle, sent to explore Mars in 1997.

The component that adjusts the controlled variable based on the error signal. It implements the control law, which can be proportional, integral, or derivative.

The part of the system that changes the process variable to correct the error. Examples include a valve, motor, or heater.

The system being controlled, including its variables and dynamic behavior. It can be a room, a chemical reactor, or any other system with a variable to be controlled.

The component that measures the process variable and provides a related signal to the control element.

The initial response of the system to a change in input, before reaching a stable state.

The stable, constant response of the system after the transient behavior has subsided.

A measure of how well the system tracks the desired value, with smaller errors indicating better accuracy.

The ability of a system to maintain its equilibrium after a disturbance.