Introduction to Computing Exam Study Notes
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Introduction to Computing Exam Study Notes

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Questions and Answers

What does HTML stand for?

  • HyperText Multiple Language
  • HyperText Markup Language (correct)
  • Hyper Transfer Markup Language
  • HighText Markup Language
  • What is the main purpose of PHP?

  • Creating static HTML pages
  • Making websites interactive (correct)
  • Styling web pages
  • Building databases
  • What is CSS used for?

    Web designing

    HTML is case sensitive.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The method used to send visible input data from a form in PHP is called ___.

    <p>GET</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following CSS selectors with their usage:

    <p>Class Selector = Used for styling multiple elements ID Selector = Used for styling a specific element Universal Selector = Applies styles to all elements Element Selector = Targets specific HTML elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the standard HTML structure?

    <p>To define the framework for a web page.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To create a line break in HTML, use the ___ tag.

    <p>br</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PHP code can be embedded within HTML.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym CSS stand for?

    <p>Cascading Style Sheets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to write a hyperlink in HTML?

    <a href='url'> Signup and view all the answers

    In CSS, to set the font size, you would use 'font-size: ___;'

    <p>16px</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a commonly used HTML tag?

    <font> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Computing Exam Study Notes

    • HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
      • Standard markup language for creating web pages
      • Created by Tim Berners Lee in 1993
      • Not case-sensitive
    • PHP (PHP HyperText Preprocessor)
      • Originally named "Personal Home Page"
      • Scripting language that makes websites interactive
      • Used for e-commerce applications
      • Methods for data requests:
        • GET: Visible input
        • POST: Non-visible input (e.g., passwords)
    • CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
      • Used for web design
      • Defines presentation rules for HTML elements

    Commonly Used HTML Tags

    • <h1> to <h6>: Heading tags (largest to smallest)
    • <tr>: Table row
    • <img>: Image (self-closing tag)
      • Attributes:
        • src: Image source file
        • alt: Alternative text for accessibility
    • <a>: Anchor tag (for hyperlinks)
    • <ul>: Unordered list
    • <ol>: Ordered list
    • <p>: Paragraph
    • <pre>: Preformatted text
    • Empty Elements:
      • <br>: Line break
      • <hr>: Horizontal line

    Standard HTML Structure

    • <!DOCTYPE html>: Document type declaration
    • <html>: Root element
    • <head>: Contains meta information (not displayed on page)
      • <title>: Page title
    • <body>: Contains content displayed on page
    • <a href="URL">Link text</a>: For linking to another page
    • target="_blank": Opens link in a new window or tab

    Headings

    • <h1>: Largest heading
    • <h6>: Smallest heading

    PHP Code structure

    • PHP code is embedded within HTML using <?php ?> tags.
    • Example:
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
    <title>PHP Example</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    
    <?php
    echo "Hello World!"; 
    ?>
    
    </body>
    </html>
    

    CSS Selectors

    • Class selector: .className (e.g., .myClass) for styling multiple elements
    • ID selector: #idName (e.g., #myId) for styling specific elements
    • Universal selector: * (e.g., * {font-weight: bold;} for applying styles globally)
    • Element selector: elementName (e.g., h1 {}, p {}) for applying styles to all elements of that type

    Embedding CSS and PHP in HTML

    • CSS:
      • Inline: Styles applied directly to elements using the style attribute
      • Internal: Styles defined within <style> tags in the <head>
      • External: Styles linked using the <link> tag and a separate .css file
    • PHP:
      • PHP code is embedded within HTML

    Tag, ID, and Class Differences

    • Tag: Defines basic HTML element structure and content
    • ID: Used for specific elements, often with the for attribute in form labels.
    • Class: Used for multiple elements with common attributes, often for styling with CSS.

    Changing Fonts and Font Styles

    • Use CSS properties:
      • font-family: Sets the font family (e.g., "Arial", "Times New Roman", "sans-serif")
      • font-size: Sets the font size (e.g., "16px", "1em")
      • font-weight: Sets the font weight (e.g., "bold", "normal")
      • font-style: Sets the font style (e.g., "italic", "normal")
      • background-color: Sets background color (e.g., "pink", "#ff0000")
      • text-align: Aligns text (e.g., "center", "left")

    HTML Tables, Form Inputs, and Attributes

    • Tables:
      • Created with the <table> tag
      • Use <tr> for rows and <td> for cells
    • Forms:
      • Created with the <form> tag
      • Common input types:
        • <input type="text">: Text input
        • <input type="password">: Password input
        • <input type="radio">: Radio button
        • <input type="checkbox">: Checkbox
        • <textarea>: Multi-line text input
        • <select>: Dropdown list
    • Attributes:
      • Provide additional information about HTML elements
      • Examples:
        • id: Unique identifier for an element
        • class: Group elements with shared properties
        • name: Used to identify form data
        • value: Sets the initial value of an input field
        • src: Specifies the source of an image or script
        • href: Specifies the link for an anchor tag

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    Description

    Prepare for your Introduction to Computing exam with these concise study notes covering HTML, PHP, and CSS. This quiz includes essential concepts, commonly used HTML tags, and basic scripting methods for web development. Ideal for any student aiming to enhance their understanding of web technologies.

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