Introduction to Computers

Study Notes

What is a Computer?

The word "computer" originates from the word "compute," meaning to calculate.
It is primarily considered a calculation device capable of performing arithmetic operations with speed.
A computer can be defined as a device that operates on data, which can include numbers, letters, symbols, sizes, etc.
Computers come in various shapes and sizes depending on their application.
Computers can store, process, and retrieve data as needed.
This data processing ability is so fundamental that computers are often referred to as "Data Processors."
The basic process involves Input, Process, and Output.

Definition of a Computer

A computer is an electronic device that takes input from the user, processes it, and delivers output that fulfills the user's requirements.

Characteristics of a Computer

Automatic: Computers operate autonomously, without human intervention. They are able to continue working on a task until it is finished. However, they require programs (a set of instructions) specifying how to execute the task.
Accuracy: Computers possess a high degree of accuracy. The level of accuracy varies depending on the computer's design. While errors can occur due to human negligence, such as inputting incorrect data, they are not caused by technological limitations.
Speed: Computers are incredibly fast. They can perform calculations within seconds that would take humans years to complete. Computer speed is measured in microseconds. Powerful computers can perform billions of simple arithmetic operations per second.
Diligence: Unlike humans, computers are free from fatigue, monotony, or lack of concentration. They can work continuously for extended periods without errors or complaints. If given ten million calculations to perform, each one will be completed with the same speed and accuracy as the first.
Versatility: Computers are incredibly versatile. They can perform a wide range of tasks, such as preparing examination results, generating electricity bills, and finding documents.
Power of Remembering: Computers have a high storage capacity allowing them to store and recall vast amounts of data. Information can be retained indefinitely and accessed whenever needed. Even after years of storage, the retrieved information will be just as accurate as when it was first entered.
No I.Q.: Computers lack intelligence and cannot make decisions on their own. They rely on instructions given by humans to perform tasks.
No Feelings: As machines, computers have no emotions. Unlike humans, who make judgments based on feelings, knowledge, and experiences, computers follow instructions precisely without personal biases.

Data Processing Cycle

Computer data processing encompasses any process a program performs to input data and transform it into usable information through summarization, analysis, or conversion.
This process can be automated and executed on a computer.
It encompasses recording, analyzing, storing, summarizing, and retrieving data.
Well-presented and informative data is the most useful.
The Data Processing Cycle outlines the common activities across all data processing systems, from manual to electronic.
These activities fall under four functional categories: Data Input, Data Processing, Data Output, and Storage.