Introduction to Computers and Python Exercises

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following expressions produces a runtime error?

10 / 3

10 / 0 (correct)

10 // 0 (correct)

10 // 3

Which expressions produce a runtime error?

10 / (3 + 7)

10 / (3 - 3) (correct)

10 / 3 + 7

10 // (3 - 3) (correct)

What is Python?

An interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language with dynamic semantics.

The logical unit that receives information from outside the computer for use by the computer is the __________.

input unit Signup and view all the answers

_________ is a logical unit sending information which has already been processed by the computer to various devices.

output unit Signup and view all the answers

and are logical units of the computer that retain information.

memory unit; secondary storage unit Signup and view all the answers

__________ is a logical unit of the computer that performs calculations.

arithmetic unit Signup and view all the answers

_________ is a logical unit of the computer that makes logical decisions.

logic unit Signup and view all the answers

___________ is a logical unit of the computer that coordinates the activities of all the other logical units.

central processing unit (CPU) Signup and view all the answers

Discuss how the terms class, object, instantiation, instance variable, and method inheritance apply to the notion of a clock.

The clock is an object, its internal parts define the class. Instantiation occurs when we create a clock object. Pins are instance variables and methods can encapsulate features like alarms. Signup and view all the answers

What steps would you take for processing text and replacing gender-specific words?

Read the text, identify gender-specific words, and replace them with the corresponding gender-neutral terms. Signup and view all the answers

What is research reproducibility in data science?

Research reproducibility ensures that others can replicate your results using the same methods. Signup and view all the answers

What ethical issues arise with artificial general intelligence?

Concerns include potential loss of control, job displacement, and ethical treatment of intelligent machines. Signup and view all the answers

How are intelligent assistants such as Siri and Alexa beneficial?

They assist with tasks like scheduling, information retrieval, and voice commands to improve efficiency. Signup and view all the answers

What are deep learning applications in healthcare?

They analyze vast amounts of medical data, improving diagnostic accuracy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of blockchain technology?

Blockchain provides secure, decentralized record-keeping, crucial for applications like cryptocurrencies. Signup and view all the answers

What challenges does OWASP address?

OWASP focuses on improving software security, providing guidance and resources to protect against vulnerabilities. Signup and view all the answers

What capabilities does IBM's Watson provide?

Watson offers cognitive computing services that can perform data analysis and decision-making tasks. Signup and view all the answers

How can Python be used in mobile app development?

Python frameworks like Kivy and BeeWare enable cross-platform mobile development. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Runtime Errors in Expressions

Division by zero causes runtime errors. Expressions that produce errors include:
- 10 // 0
- 10 / 0
- 10 / (3 - 3)

Basics of Programming with Python

Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language.
Known for dynamic semantics, which enhance Rapid Application Development.
High-level built-in data structures and dynamic typing facilitate use as a scripting language.

Computer Logic Units

Input Unit: Receives information from outside the computer.
Output Unit: Sends processed information to external devices.
Memory Unit: Retains information for short-term access.
Secondary Storage Unit: Provides long-term information storage.
Arithmetic Unit: Conducts mathematical calculations.
Logic Unit: Performs logical decisions.
Central Processing Unit (CPU): Coordinates activities of all logical units.

Concepts of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Object: A tangible instance of a class, similar to a real-life object (e.g., a clock).
Class: Defines properties and behaviors of an object.
Instantiation: Creating an instance of a class.
Instance Variables: Attributes specific to an instance.
Inheritance: Deriving new classes from existing ones to reuse functionality.
Encapsulation: Hiding internal states and functionalities to protect object integrity.
Data Hiding: Concealing sensitive attributes from outside access.

Ethical Considerations in Technology

Self-Driving Cars: Raise questions of trust, safety protocols, and ethical dilemmas like responsibilities during accidents.
Reproducibility in Data Science: Essential for verifying research outcomes; Jupyter Notebooks enhance reproducibility through well-organized code and outputs.

Advancements in AI and Automation

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI): Aims for machine intelligence at human capacity, raising potential ethical issues and concerns about intelligence evolution beyond human control.
Intelligent Assistants: Like IBM Watson and Amazon Alexa, enhance everyday life but bring privacy and ethical challenges.
AI in Healthcare: Tools using deep learning can analyze medical data; ethical concerns about machine diagnoses and trust arise.

Technologies in Organizations

Organizations utilize various tech including:
- Python for programming.
- Big data analytics for insights.
- Cloud computing for scalability.
- Natural language processing for understanding user queries.
- Machine learning for predictive analytics.

Internet of Things (IoT)

IoT connects diverse devices, with Raspberry Pi enabling numerous applications, enhancing digital interconnectivity.

Blockchain and Cryptography

Blockchain: Underpins cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum; offers security and traceability.
Cryptography in Python: Essential for protecting data privacy and security.

OWASP and Cybersecurity

OWASP focuses on improving the security of organizations through community-driven projects that harden systems against attacks.

Mobile App Development

Growing field with tools available for cross-platform development (e.g., BeeWare, Kivy) facilitating rapid app creation.

Studying That Suits You

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Description

Test your understanding of runtime errors in Python with flashcards based on Chapter 1 of the computer science curriculum. This quiz focuses on different division operations and the errors they may produce. Challenge yourself to execute expressions and identify error cases.