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Questions and Answers
What is one function of backup utility programs?
What is one function of backup utility programs?
Who independently developed the integrated circuit in 1958?
Who independently developed the integrated circuit in 1958?
Antivirus programs are unnecessary for computer security.
Antivirus programs are unnecessary for computer security.
False
The IBM System/360 introduced the concept of computer families.
The IBM System/360 introduced the concept of computer families.
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Name two common security concerns for computer users.
Name two common security concerns for computer users.
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What was the first commercially available microprocessor?
What was the first commercially available microprocessor?
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Operating systems in the future will likely be primarily driven by a __________ interface.
Operating systems in the future will likely be primarily driven by a __________ interface.
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The Apple I was created by ________ and ________.
The Apple I was created by ________ and ________.
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Match the following security programs with their purposes:
Match the following security programs with their purposes:
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Which operating system did the first IBM PC feature?
Which operating system did the first IBM PC feature?
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The Apple Macintosh was the first PC to use a command line interface.
The Apple Macintosh was the first PC to use a command line interface.
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Who invented the World Wide Web?
Who invented the World Wide Web?
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Match the following inventions with their significance:
Match the following inventions with their significance:
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What major invention did Herman Hollerith create in 1890?
What major invention did Herman Hollerith create in 1890?
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Ada Lovelace is considered the first computer programmer.
Ada Lovelace is considered the first computer programmer.
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Who conceptualized the Turing Machine?
Who conceptualized the Turing Machine?
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The _____ replaced vacuum tubes in computers, marking a major revolution in electronics.
The _____ replaced vacuum tubes in computers, marking a major revolution in electronics.
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What was the primary purpose of the ENIAC?
What was the primary purpose of the ENIAC?
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Match the following inventions to their inventors:
Match the following inventions to their inventors:
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Mainframe computers of the 1950s were small enough to fit on a desk.
Mainframe computers of the 1950s were small enough to fit on a desk.
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What significant impact did transistors have on modern computers?
What significant impact did transistors have on modern computers?
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What percentage of the final grade is determined by the Midterm Examination?
What percentage of the final grade is determined by the Midterm Examination?
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A student receives a final grade of 2.00 if they score between 83.4 to 86.6.
A student receives a final grade of 2.00 if they score between 83.4 to 86.6.
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What is the weight of the 'Outputs/Portfolio' in the Lecture grading system?
What is the weight of the 'Outputs/Portfolio' in the Lecture grading system?
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The final grade is calculated using the formula: FINAL GRADE = (Lecture * _____) + (Laboratory * _____).
The final grade is calculated using the formula: FINAL GRADE = (Lecture * _____) + (Laboratory * _____).
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What is the minimum percentage required to avoid a failing grade (5.00)?
What is the minimum percentage required to avoid a failing grade (5.00)?
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Match each grading criterion with its corresponding weight in the Lecture grading system:
Match each grading criterion with its corresponding weight in the Lecture grading system:
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A student automatically passes the course if they have unexcused absences that total less than 20% of the total class hours.
A student automatically passes the course if they have unexcused absences that total less than 20% of the total class hours.
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What is the total number of laboratory hours for a semester in the BSCS program?
What is the total number of laboratory hours for a semester in the BSCS program?
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Which program focuses on the design, writing, and modification of software components?
Which program focuses on the design, writing, and modification of software components?
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The BS Information Systems program emphasizes the study of hardware technologies.
The BS Information Systems program emphasizes the study of hardware technologies.
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What is a key difference between graduates of BSIS and BSIT?
What is a key difference between graduates of BSIS and BSIT?
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Graduates of the BS Information Technology program are trained to address various user needs involving the selection, development, application, integration, and __________ of computing technologies.
Graduates of the BS Information Technology program are trained to address various user needs involving the selection, development, application, integration, and __________ of computing technologies.
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Match the following degrees with their primary focus:
Match the following degrees with their primary focus:
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What is a primary goal of graduates from the BSCS, BSIS, and BSIT programs?
What is a primary goal of graduates from the BSCS, BSIS, and BSIT programs?
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IS professionals serve as a bridge between technical and management/user communities in an organization.
IS professionals serve as a bridge between technical and management/user communities in an organization.
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What essential skill set do BSIS graduates need to possess?
What essential skill set do BSIS graduates need to possess?
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What is a primary focus of Information Technology (IT) programs?
What is a primary focus of Information Technology (IT) programs?
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Computer Engineering primarily deals with the integration of software and hardware components.
Computer Engineering primarily deals with the integration of software and hardware components.
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What skill sets does the Data Science program aim to equip its graduates with?
What skill sets does the Data Science program aim to equip its graduates with?
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IS professionals help organizations gain a competitive advantage by effectively utilizing information and __________.
IS professionals help organizations gain a competitive advantage by effectively utilizing information and __________.
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Study Notes
Introduction to Computing
- This presentation introduces computing, covering data, information, and software.
- Data is raw, unorganized facts or figures, like numbers, text, or images.
- Data lacks immediate meaning; processing is needed to derive useful information.
- Binary data uses only 0 and 1, while non-binary data has multiple states.
- Converting data into information involves analyzing, organizing and adding context.
- Information is meaningful, derived from processed data.
- Information can be used for decision-making and answering questions.
- Knowledge is the understanding of information, leading to actionable insights.
- The input-process-output (I-P-O) model describes a computer's functioning in terms of input, processing, storage and output.
Data Representations
- Binary data uses bits (0 or 1) to store and process information, fundamental to computer operations.
- Non-binary data has multiple states beyond 0 and 1.
Transforming Data into Information
- Information is structured, analyzed data presented meaningfully.
- The process of transforming data to information involves converting raw data into a useful form.
Data Processing
- The input-process-output (I-P-O) model describes the input, processing, storage, and output stages of computer action.
- Feedback loops are crucial for effective data processing.
Stages of Data Processing
- The five stages are collection, preparation, input, processing, and output/interpretation.
- Data storage is also a critical component of the process.
Systems
- Systems are groups of interconnected components working together.
- Components interact and complement each other.
- Interfaces exist between components and with their surrounding environments.
Characteristics of a System
- Systems consist of interconnected parts working towards a shared goal.
- They interact with each other through various interfaces.
- A system's boundaries separate it from its environment.
- A system can be a component of a larger system, or can consist of smaller subsystems.
Elements of a Computer System
- Hardware consists of physical components like the CPU, storage and peripherals.
- Peopleware refers to the human aspects that use and interact with the system.
- Software refers to machine coded instructions used by the computer's hardware.
Introduction to Software
- Software is the non-physical parts of a computer system, which provides instructions.
Types of Software
- System software manages computer operations, and includes; Operating Systems, Device Drivers, Firmware, Utility Software, Command Line Interface, Virtual Machine Managers.
- Application software performs specific tasks or solves problems.
- Examples include word processing software, spreadsheets, database management systems, web browsers, multimedia software, graphics and design software, and project management software.
- Development software helps programmers with tasks like creating, testing, or maintaining applications.
Software Development Life Cycle
- Ideation; brainstorming solutions.
- Requirements; gathering needs from stakeholders.
- Design; outlining the structural architecture of the software.
- Development; coding according to the design plan.
- Testing; Evaluating quality and identifying defects.
Types of Software Development
- Frontend developers build user interfaces, such as the visual part of a website.
- Backend developers manage the logic of systems and manage user input.
- Full-stack developers are skilled in both frontend and backend development.
Computer Language
- Machine language, the lowest level programming language, is primitive, in numerical form.
Assembly Language
- Assembly language is a low-level language and closer to machine language.
High-Level Language
- High-level languages are easier for humans to read, use and maintain.
Compiler
- Translates high-level code into machine code before running the program.
Interpreter
- Translates high-level code into machine code line-by-line
Evolution of Computing
- The presentation traces the history of computing from early tools to modern advancements.
- Key figures and innovations that influenced the computing field are highlighted.
History of Computing (Time Periods)
- Abacus (Ancient civilizations)
- Slide Rule (1620)
- Pascaline (1642)
- Leibniz's Calculator (1672)
- Jacquard Loom (1801)
- Analytical Engine (1837)
- Ada Lovelace's Algorithm (1843)
- Hollerith Tabulating Machine (1890)
- Turing Machine (1936)
- ENIAC (1939-1944)
- Transistors (1947)
- Mainframe Computers (1950s)
Integrated Circuits (1958)
IBM System/360 (1964)
Intel 4004 Microprocessor (1971)
Apple 1 (1976)
IBM PC (1981)
Apple Macintosh (1984)
World Wide Web (1990)
Smartphones (2000s)
Cloud Computing and Al (2010s)
Quantum Computing & Edge Computing (2020s)
History of Algorithms
- Al-Khwarizmi (9th century) is the father of modern algorithms.
- Newton-Raphson Method (17th century)
- Euler's Graph Theory(18th century)
- Turing Machines (1930s)
Simplex Algorithm(1950s)
Dijkstra's Shortest Path Algorithm
Quicksort Algorithm
RSA Algorithms
Genetic Algorithms
Key Figures in Computing
- Charles Babbage- Father of Computing
- Ada Lovelace- First Computer Programmer
- Alan Turing- Father of Modern Computing & Al
- John von Neumann- Father of Modern Computer Architecture
- George Boole- Father of Boolean Logic
Operating Systems
- System software controls the computer and manages activities within it.
- The operating system acts as an intermediary between the user, application programs and hardware.
- Key Functions include; interfacing with users (via GUI), booting the computer, configuring devices, managing network connections, managing and monitoring resources and jobs, file management, and security.
Processing Techniques for Increased Efficiency
- Multitasking
- Multithreading
- Multiprocessing and Parallel Processing
- Memory Management (RAM and Virtual Memory)
- Buffering and Spooling.
Differences Among Operating Systems
- Command Line Interface (CLI)
- Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Categories of Operating Systems for personal computers and servers
DOS (Disk Operating System)
Windows
Mac OS
Unix
Linux
Chrome OS
Embedded Operating Systems for Mobile Phones
Utility Programs
- Utility programs handle specific tasks, like file management and ensuring system security.
File Management Programs
- Tools to organize, copy, move, and delete files.
- Search tools aid in finding files.
- Diagnostic tools help manage system issues.
The Future of Operating Systems
- Improvements in user-friendliness, stability, and security are anticipated.
- Operating systems will likely rely on voice interaction.
Computing Disciplines
- Computer Science (CS)
- Information Systems (IS)
- Information Technology (IT)
- Computer Engineering (CpE)
- Data Science
Job Roles
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts in computer science, including the development of integrated circuits, operating systems, and early computer inventions. This quiz covers notable figures and significant advancements in the field, offering a comprehensive overview for learners.
