Introduction to Computer Networks

A computer network is a collection of interconnected devices, like computers, printers, and scanners, that can share data and resources.

A computer network allows devices to communicate and share resources, like files, printers, and internet connections.

A message is the data or information being transferred between devices within a network.

The sender is the device that originates the message and initiates the transmission process.

The receiver is the device that is intended to receive the message sent over the network.

The transmission media, often called a link, is the physical pathway used to connect devices and transmit data across a network.

A protocol is a set of agreed-upon rules governing how data is formatted, transmitted, and interpreted between devices on a network.

A switch is a device that connects computers and other network devices within a local area, such as an office or building.

A router connects multiple networks together, allowing communication among different devices on those networks.

A server is a specialized computer designed to store and share resources, like software, files, and data, with clients on a network.

Transmission media is the physical pathway used to connect devices in a network, including coaxial cables, twisted-pair wires, and optical fiber cables.

An access point allows wireless devices to connect to a network without cables. It acts as a bridge between a wireless network and a wired network.

Shared data refers to data files, programs, and other resources made available to multiple users on a network.

A Network Interface Card (NIC) is a hardware component that enables a device to connect to a network. It manages the flow of data between the device and the network.

A local operating system (OS) is software that manages a computer's hardware and software resources and allows users to interact with the computer.

A network operating system (NOS) is a software platform that manages the network's resources and communication between devices.

A hub is a simple network device that connects multiple devices by broadcasting data to all connected devices. It's like a central point where all data is sent and received.

LAN cable, also known as Ethernet or data cable, is used to connect devices directly to a network using a wired connection.

OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection. It's a model that defines the different layers of communication between devices on a network.

The performance of a network is measured by how quickly data can be sent and received between devices. It's important for smooth and efficient communication.

Data sharing is one of the main reasons for using a network, as it enables multiple devices to access and use the same data files and resources.

A backup is a copy of important data that can be used to restore the data in case of a system failure.

Reliability refers to the consistency of the network's operation. It is a measure of its ability to function without errors or outages.

Network security is crucial for protecting sensitive data from unauthorized access. It ensures data is transmitted securely and remains confidential.

Scalability means that a network can easily accommodate growth in the number of devices and users, without compromising performance. It ensures capacity to handle future expansion.

Software and hardware compatibility refers to the ability of different devices and software programs to work together smoothly on a network. This ensures compatibility across different systems.

A computer network architecture defines the structure and organization of devices within a network. It outlines how devices communicate and share resources.

Peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture is a network structure where devices share resources directly with each other without relying on a central server. Each device acts as both a client and a server.

Client-server architecture is a network structure where clients request resources from a central server. The server manages resources and provides data to the clients on demand.

Network topology refers to the physical or logical arrangement of devices in a network. It affects how data flows and how reliable the network is.

In point-to-point topology, two devices are directly connected using a single piece of cable. It's a simple and direct connection between two devices.

In bus topology, all devices are connected to a single shared cable or line. Data transmits along the bus, accessible by all devices.

In star topology, all devices are connected to a central hub or switch. Communication between devices must pass through this central point.

In ring topology, devices are connected in a circular loop. Data travels around the ring, passing through each device.

In mesh topology, each device is connected to multiple other devices, creating multiple communication paths. This provides high redundancy and reliability.

In tree topology, devices are organized in a hierarchical structure similar to a tree, with a root node at the top and branches extending downwards. It's often used in large networks.

Hybrid topology is a combination of two or more different topologies. This allows for flexibility and tailored network design based on specific needs.

An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that provides access to the internet. They offer various services like internet access, domain name registration, and dial-up connections.

An intranet is a private network within an organization. It allows employees to access shared data and resources, like company policies, documents, and communication tools.

A VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) is a two-way satellite communication system that uses a small dish antenna to transmit and receive data.

A PAN (Personal Area Network) is a network that connects devices within a small range, like a room or a person's immediate surroundings. It's typically used for connecting personal gadgets.

A LAN (Local Area Network) is a network that connects devices within a smaller area like an office, school, or home. It's used for sharing resources within that location.

A MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) is a network that spans a larger area than a LAN, typically a city. It's used for connecting devices across broader geographical regions.

A WAN (Wide Area Network) is a large network that connects devices across long distances, like a country or globally. It's used for connecting geographically-separated locations.