Introduction to Cloud Computing
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary basis for cloud computing services?

  • Freemium model
  • Flat-rate payment
  • Pay-per-use basis (correct)
  • Subscription model

    • Which of the following is NOT considered an essential characteristic of cloud computing?

  • High latency (correct)
  • Rapid elasticity
  • Resource pooling
  • On-demand self-service

    • What defines a private cloud?

  • Exclusive to one organization (correct)
  • Managed by a third-party provider
  • Open to the general public
  • Shared by multiple organizations

    • Which cloud service model provides a platform for development without managing infrastructure?

    <p>PaaS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which driver for cloud computing primarily focuses on cost savings and flexibility?

    <p>Business Drivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deployment model combines multiple cloud types?

    <p>Hybrid Cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Security and compliance concerns are examples of factors that inhibit what?

    <p>Cloud adoption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a public cloud application?

    <p>Google Drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a SaaS application?

    <p>Gmail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic allows multiple users to access the same storage resource in a public cloud?

    <p>Resource pooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deployment model is typically more expensive due to the need for physical infrastructure?

    <p>Private cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does rapid elasticity in cloud services refer to?

    <p>Automated resource adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which service model would you find development tools provided for building your own software?

    <p>PaaS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of public cloud services?

    <p>Instant access to resources without infrastructure maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cloud model combines elements of both public and private clouds?

    <p>Hybrid cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cloud model could involve collaboration between a government and an educational institution?

    <p>Community cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of SaaS regarding software installation?

    <p>Users can access it from any device with internet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic does NOT describe Software as a Service (SaaS)?

    <p>One-to-One model for resource allocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of hypervisors in virtualization?

    <p>To enable multiple virtual systems on a single machine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes autonomic computing?

    <p>Operates independently with minimal human intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of utility computing, what does the pay-as-you-go model imply?

    <p>Users are charged according to their actual usage of computing resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Type-1 hypervisors from Type-2 hypervisors?

    <p>Type-1 operates directly on the hardware without a host OS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is NOT commonly associated with cloud-based data exchanges?

    <p>SMTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of using cloud service models?

    <p>Resources are available on-demand without ownership.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of using SaaS for real-time applications?

    <p>Dependent on internet speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario is most suitable for a PaaS environment?

    <p>Collaborative projects that need automated testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant limitation of IaaS?

    <p>Difficulty migrating applications between providers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which benefit is associated with SaaS?

    <p>Offers cost savings and low maintenance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which programming language is typically supported in a PaaS environment?

    <p>Java</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of SaaS could lead to concerns about data security?

    <p>Data stored with third-party providers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes PaaS from SaaS?

    <p>Environment for application development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common advantage of using IaaS?

    <p>Offers immediate scalability for resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What layer connects servers to the network through Top of Rack switches in a data center?

    <p>Access Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cabling type is characterized by organized cabling with tags that improves airflow?

    <p>Structured Cabling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cloud deployment model allows organizations to share costs among those with similar needs?

    <p>Community Cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does modular data center design primarily facilitate?

    <p>Easy deployment and cooling management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 requirements for data center networks?

    <p>Synchronization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the process of verifying a user's identity within a system?

    <p>Authentication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of public cloud drawbacks, which of the following is a limitation?

    <p>Limited integration and flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cloud model combines aspects of both private and public clouds?

    <p>Hybrid Cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?

    <p>Resources are managed from a single console.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario best illustrates the suitability of IaaS?

    <p>A startup launching a product with anticipated traffic spikes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common disadvantage associated with IaaS?

    <p>Potential latency issues due to network reliance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the pay-as-you-go model in IaaS benefit users?

    <p>It allows costs to scale with resource usage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation of IaaS relates to handling sensitive information?

    <p>Potential regulatory compliance concerns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cloud Computing

    • Cloud computing delivers computing resources (servers, storage, applications) over the internet on a pay-per-use basis.
    • NIST definition: on-demand network access to shared, configurable resources.

    Five Essential Cloud Characteristics

    • On-demand self-service: Resources accessible automatically.
    • Broad network access: Services accessible via various devices.
    • Resource pooling: Resources pooled to serve multiple users.
    • Rapid elasticity: Resources scalable up or down as needed.
    • Measured service: Usage tracked for billing purposes.

    Cloud Deployment Models

    • Public cloud: Open to general use, managed by an external provider.
    • Private cloud: Exclusive to one organization.
    • Community cloud: Shared by organizations with common concerns.
    • Hybrid cloud: Combination of multiple deployment models.

    Service Models

    • SaaS: Software applications provided over the internet.
    • PaaS: Platform for development without managing infrastructure.
    • IaaS: Basic infrastructure components provided on demand.

    Drivers for Cloud Computing

    • System drivers: Agility, scalability, and reliability.
    • Business drivers: Cost savings and flexibility.
    • Technology drivers: Virtualization and increased bandwidth.

    Factors Inhibiting Cloud Adoption

    • Ambiguity around cloud capabilities.
    • Security, integration, and compliance concerns.

    Cloud Computing Deployment Model

    • Private + public = hybrid.
    • Community cloud & hybrid- rare.
    • Google Drive is an example of a public cloud.
    • Microsoft 365 (formerly Office 365) and Dropbox are also examples of cloud applications.

    Cloud Computing - On-Demand Self-Servce

    • Whichever deployment model you used, when you request, service must be delivered immediately.
    • One storage- multiple users.
    • Rapid elasticity
    • Automated responses
    • Measured Services
    • Eg. AWS -want to use certain application from their system, can only use it for a certain period of time, want >hrs., need to pay >.

    Public Cloud Deployment Models

    • 3rd party.
    • As long as you trust them, can use it.

    Private Cloud

    • Expensive
    • Need to buy server, build server room, need administrator to maintain server room (pay, train).
    • Start-ups - usually public cloud.

    Community Cloud

    • Semi-public.
    • Gov (own private cloud) + Taylor's University (own priv cloud)= community project/development.
    • Gov + uni will allocate some storage to link each other's cloud.

    Hybrid Clouds

    • Large number of data - non-sensitive (public cloud).
    • Small number of data - sensitive (private cloud)
    • Service model overview (applicable to all deployment models)
      • SaaS (pre-existing software) Ex: gmail, outlook, yahoo
      • PaaS (provide development tools, u build software) Ex: Order food, give food, pay
      • IaaS (give you storage & network, you do whatever you want...) Ex: design own kitchen, buy tools and cook.
    • Reliability- users able to access to services in multiple locations
    • Security and Compliance: public cloud - set by the cloud itself, must follow.

    Data Center Topologies

    • Components: Servers, storage, network devices, power distribution, cooling.
    • Topologies: Access layer, Aggregation layer, Core Layer, Cabling (structured & unstructured), Cooling, Modular Data Centers, Containerized Data Centers.
    • Requirements: Scalability, Security, Sharing, Standardization, Simplification, Workload Mobility, East-West Traffic.

    Cloud Deployment Models (Public, Private, Community, Hybrid)

    • Public Cloud: High scalability, availability, cost-effectiveness. Limited flexibility/integration/security control.
    • Private Cloud: Full infrastructure control, security, customization. High upfront maintenance costs, skilled staff needed.
    • Community Cloud: Cost-sharing among organizations with shared needs. Potential management/security/compliance conflicts.
    • Hybrid Cloud: Combines advantages of other models – flexibility and fault tolerance. Complex to implement, integrate, secure.

    Laying the Groundwork for Cloud Computing

    • Authentication: Verifying user identity.
    • Authorization: Specifying user access rights.
    • Identity Providers (IdPs): Manage user credentials (OpenID, Google, Facebook, OAuth).
    • Computing Concepts: Utility computing (pay-as-you-go); Commodity Servers; Autonomic Computing (self-managing systems).
    • Hardware Virtualization: Allows multiple virtual systems on a single machine. (Hypervisors, Type-1, Type-2).
    • Web Development Technologies: HTML5, Java, JavaScript, SOAP, JSON.

    Cloud Service Models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS)

    • SaaS: Software delivered over the internet, eliminates installations on user devices; Access via browsers or clients like laptops, tablets, smartphones.

    • PaaS: Environment for developers to build, test, deploy applications on the provider's data center. Supports programming languages, app frameworks, databases.

    • IaaS: Provides virtualized computing, storage, networking resources, offering these as virtual machines to users. (compute, storage, networking).

    • General Advantages: Cost savings, scalability, centralized management.

    • General Disadvantages: Security, interoperability, performance issues.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental aspects of cloud computing, including its definition, essential characteristics, deployment models, and service models. Test your knowledge on how cloud computing delivers resources over the internet and the various types of clouds available.

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