Introduction to Cloud Computing

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Questions and Answers

What are the primary types of clouds in cloud computing?

The primary types of clouds are public, private, hybrid, and community clouds.

Explain the role of virtualization in cloud computing.

Virtualization allows the creation of virtual versions of physical resources, such as servers and networks, enabling better resource utilization and scalability.

What is the difference between a Type 1 and Type 2 hypervisor?

A Type 1 hypervisor runs directly on the host's hardware, while a Type 2 hypervisor runs on a host operating system.

Identify two major risks associated with migrating to the cloud.

Data security risks and compliance challenges are two major risks of cloud migration. Signup and view all the answers

Define what constitutes a Service Level Agreement (SLA).

An SLA is a formal document that defines the expected service standards, responsibilities, and quality metrics between a service provider and a client. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the importance of energy efficiency in data centers.

Energy efficiency in data centers reduces operational costs and minimizes environmental impact while increasing sustainability. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of elastic load balancing in cloud environments?

Elastic load balancing automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple targets, such as servers, to ensure high availability and reliability. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of Byzantine failure in distributed systems.

Byzantine failure refers to a scenario where components of a distributed system fail and provide misleading information to other components. Signup and view all the answers

What techniques are commonly used for big data processing in cloud computing?

Common techniques include Google GFS, Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), and Map-Reduce. Signup and view all the answers

What is storage virtualization, and why is it important in cloud computing?

Storage virtualization abstracts physical storage into a single logical pool, allowing for easier management and more flexible resource allocation. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing: On-demand access to computing resources, such as servers, databases, storage, networking, software, and analytics.
Types of Clouds: Public, Private, Hybrid, Community.
Cloud Service Models: SaaS (Software as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service), IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service).
Deployment Models: Public, Private, Community, Hybrid.

Cloud Computing Architecture & Infrastructure

Cloud Reference Model: NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Cloud Computing Reference Architecture.
Virtualization: Technology that allows multiple operating systems to run on a single physical server.
Types of Virtualizations: Compute, Network, Storage.

Types of Hypervisors

Type 1 Hypervisors: Directly run on top of the physical hardware.
Type 2 Hypervisors: Run on top of an existing operating system.

Cloud Platforms in Industry

Major cloud vendors: Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
Integration of Private and Public Clouds: Combining private and public cloud environments for optimal flexibility and cost-effectiveness.

Cloud Applications

Common applications: Protein structure prediction, data analysis, satellite image processing, CRM and ERP, social networking, scientific applications, business applications.

Advance Topics in Cloud Computing

Cloud Security: Protecting data and applications in the cloud, including data encryption, access control, and security monitoring.
Risks and Approaches of Migration into Cloud: Identifying risks associated with cloud migration and implementing strategies for a smooth transition.

Federated Cloud/Intercloud, Third Party Cloud Services, Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery

Federated Cloud/Intercloud: A collaboration between multiple cloud providers for a single unified cloud service.
Third Party Cloud Services: Cloud-based services provided by a third-party vendor, such as email, storage, or collaboration tools.
Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery: Planning and implementing strategies to ensure business operations are not disrupted by outages or disasters.

Service Level Agreement (SLA), Dynamic resource provisioning and management

Service Level Agreement (SLA): A contract defining the level of service that a cloud provider will deliver.
Dynamic resource provisioning and management: Automatically adjusting resources based on demand, ensuring optimal performance and cost efficiency.

Server Consolidation and Placement policies, Energy efficiency in data centers, Elastic Load Balancing and Auto Scaling.

Server Consolidation: Reducing the number of physical servers by utilizing virtualization technologies.
Placement policies: Algorithms for efficiently allocating workloads to physical servers.
Energy efficiency in data centers: Implementing energy-saving measures in data centers, such as cool-air solutions and energy-efficient hardware.
Elastic Load Balancing and Auto Scaling: Automatically distributing workloads to multiple servers and scaling resources up or down based on demand.

Storage Network Design

Architecture of storage: Designing and implementing storage infrastructure, considering factors like capacity, performance, and security.
Analysis and planning: Assessing storage requirements and planning for future growth.
Storage network design considerations: Factors like data traffic, latency, and scalability.
NAS and FC SANs: Two common storage network architectures, NAS (Network Attached Storage) and FC SAN (Fibre Channel Storage Area Network).
Hybrid storage networking technologies: Combining different technologies for optimal performance and cost-effectiveness.

Storage virtualization in cloud computing, host system design considerations

Storage virtualization: Abstracting physical storage resources for a unified view and centralized management.
Host system design considerations: Designing the physical servers that host virtualized storage resources.

Techniques for Big data processing (Google GFS, BigTable, and Map-Reduce Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), HIVE).

Big data processing: Processing large volumes of data efficiently and effectively.
Google GFS, BigTable, and Map-Reduce: Technologies developed by Google for scalable data processing.
Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS): An open-source distributed file system for storing large data sets.
HIVE: A data warehouse system for querying and analyzing large data sets stored in HDFS.

Consensus in Cloud Computing

Issues in consensus: Challenges in achieving agreement among distributed nodes.
Consensus in synchronous and asynchronous system: Different approaches for reaching consensus in synchronous and asynchronous distributed systems.

Byzantine Agreement: Agreement, Faults, Tolerance, Measuring Reliability and Performance

Byzantine Agreement: A consensus protocol that can tolerate malicious or faulty nodes.
Agreement, Faults, Tolerance: Key concepts related to Byzantine Agreement, including the ability to reach an agreement despite faulty nodes.
Measuring Reliability and Performance: Evaluating the reliability and performance of consensus protocols.

SLIs, SLOs, SLAs, TLAs, Byzantine failure, Byzantine Generals Problem, Failures & Recovery Approaches in Distributed Systems, Checkpointing.

SLIs, SLOs, SLAs, TLAs: Service Level Indicators, Objectives, Agreements, and Targets that define the expected performance and reliability of cloud services.
Byzantine failure: A type of failure in which a node can behave arbitrarily and maliciously.
Byzantine Generals Problem: A classic problem in distributed computing that illustrates the challenges of achieving consensus in the presence of faulty nodes.
Failures & Recovery Approaches in Distributed Systems: Strategies for handling failures and recovering data in distributed systems.
Checkpointing: Creating consistent snapshots of data and system state for recovery purposes.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamentals of cloud computing, including types of clouds, cloud service models, and the architecture behind cloud solutions. Learn about virtualization techniques and the major players in the cloud industry. Test your knowledge of critical concepts such as SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS.