Introduction to Chemistry: Matter and Properties

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of a chemical property?

  • Color
  • Density
  • Flammability (correct)
  • Melting Point

Which process represents a physical change?

  • Melting ice (correct)
  • Decomposition of organic matter
  • Burning wood
  • Rusting iron

Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?

  • Salad
  • Sand and water
  • Saltwater (correct)
  • Oil and water

What is the empirical formula for a compound with the molecular formula $C_6H_{12}O_6$?

<p>$CH_2O$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the periodic table, elements in the same group have similar:

<p>Chemical properties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between two atoms?

<p>Covalent bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a chemical reaction, what are the substances that are formed called?

<p>Products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of one mole of water ($H_2O$) if the molar mass of hydrogen is approximately 1 g/mol and oxygen is approximately 16 g/mol?

<p>18 g/mol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of acids and bases, which definition states that acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors?

<p>Bronsted-Lowry definition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which functional group is characteristic of alcohols?

<p>Hydroxyl group (-OH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A reaction that releases heat to the surroundings is considered:

<p>Exothermic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Ideal Gas Law, what happens to the volume of a gas if the pressure is doubled and the temperature remains constant?

<p>Volume halves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molarity of a solution containing 2 moles of solute in 4 liters of solution?

<p>0.5 M (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor generally does NOT affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

<p>Volume of the container (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of radioactive decay involves the emission of a helium nucleus?

<p>Alpha decay (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

What is a solid?

A state of matter with definite shape and volume.

What is a liquid?

A state of matter with definite volume, but takes the shape of its container.

What is a gas?

A state of matter with no definite shape or volume; it expands to fill available space.

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What are Physical Properties?

Characteristics observed without changing the substance's composition (e.g., color, density).

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What are Chemical Properties?

Describes how a substance changes into a new substance (e.g., flammability, reactivity).

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What are Intensive Properties?

Does not depend on the amount of matter present (e.g., density, temperature).

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What is a Mixture?

Combination of two or more substances that are physically combined.

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What is a Homogeneous Mixture?

Uniform composition throughout (e.g., saltwater, air).

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What is a Heterogeneous Mixture?

Non-uniform composition (e.g., sand and water, salad).

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What is an Element?

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

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What is a Compound?

A substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio.

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What is an Atom?

Smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.

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What is a Molecule?

Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

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What is an Ion?

An atom is a molecule with an electrical charge.

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